NUTR 280 Final exam JMU Theimer 2024

NUTR 280 Final exam JMU Theimer 2024 BMI 25 kg/m -Answer-No weight loss needed BMI 30 kg/m -Answer-weight loss recommended Losing 5% to 15% of body weight -Answer-significantly reduces health risks associated with being overweight or obese Weight loss should be gradual -Answer-1/2 to 2 lbs/week; equates to 500 calories reduction per day Severe calorie restriction -Answer-leads to lower BMR and lead to loss of body proteins and water If you lose weight rapidly -Answer-you're more likely to regain weight Yo-yo dieting or weight cycling -Answer-repeated cycle of weight loss & weight gain Decreasing energy intakes -Answer--choose nutrient dense foods -multivitamins/mineral supplements recommended with intakes less than 1200 calories/day -intakes less than 800 calories should be done under medical supervision 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans recommendation on physical activity -Answer- 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity per week *some may need to do more minutes per week behavior modification -Answer-a process that is used to gradually and permanently change habitual behaviors ABCS of behavior modification -Answer-a. identify antecedents b. recognize the behavior c. see the consequences c. modify the behavior d. enjoy the new consequence Anorexia Nervosa -Answer-eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, a distorted body image, and abnormally low body weight Bulimia Nervosa -Answer-eating disorder characterized by consumption of a large amount of food at one time (binge eating) followed by purging behavior appetite -Answer-desire to consume specific foods triggered by EXTERNAL cues INDEPENDANT of hunger -stimulated by sight, smell, taste of food stimulates endorphins ("brains" pleasure chemicals) hunger -Answer-desire to consume food that is triggered by INTERNAL physiological signals such as empty GI tract, low nutrient levels in bloodstream, hormones, etc. Usually sets in 4-6 hours Total energy expenditure -Answer-total amount of energy used in the body each day *it consists of three components -basal metabolism -energy needed for physical activity -energy needed to "process" the food basal metabolism -Answer-energy expended to maintain an awake, resting body that is NOT digesting food -includes all essential metabolic reactions and life sustaining functions to keep you alive/breathing etc ***Does NOT include digestion and absorption of food 60%-75% of total energy expenditure -Answer-Basal Metabolism basal metabolic rate (BMR) -Answer-energy expended for basal metabolism thyroxine -Answer-a hormone excreted by the thyroid gland; directly controls basalmetabolism More thyroxine secreted -Answer-higher BMR less thyroxine secreted -Answer-lower BMR BMR is lowest during -Answer-Sleep Minerals needed to make thyroxine -Answer-Iodine Iodine deficiency in the body -Answer--thyroid gland can become enlarged in attempt to trap any that is circulating enlargement of thyroid gland -Answer-Goiter age and growth -Answer-BMR high in infants up to 2 years old & during adolescents Taller person -Answer-higher BMR Higher lean body mass -Answer-increases BMR Gender BMR difference -Answer-Males BMR Females BMR Extreme temperature changes -Answer-increase BMR False -Answer-Food can increase BMR (true or false) As someone gets older -Answer-BMR decreases