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Samenvatting Synaptische plasticiteit

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Prof Geert Callewaert

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HF10: SYNAPTISCHE
PLASTICITEIT
 Bij neuron:
o Makkelijk contact wegnemen / nieuwe maken
o Duurt niet zo lang
Grote synaptscce potentalen moduleerbaar
o Regelen NT-vrijz
o Regelen dr stroom gegenereerd dr postsynaptscce REC

- Korte termijn plastciteit msec – min)
A. Paired-pulse facilitaton
B. Post-tetanic potentaton
C. Synaptc depressoin
 Deze meccanismes vooral presynaptscc
- Lange termijn plastciteit (>3 minuten)
A. Long term potentiton (LTP)
B. Long term depression (LTD) Kunnen jaren blijven bestaan
a. Synapt transmissie onderdrukt vr
lange tjd
C. Spike-tming dependent synaptscc plastcity
 Deze meccanisme vooral postsynaptscc
 Verschillende fases v LTP (????)
Lokale proteïne syntcese:
- Lokaal nieuwe eiwiten aanmaken in synaps translate)
o Niet via de kern
o Wel via kinase, AMPAR
- Vanuit acteve synaps signaal nr kern
o Nieuwe mRNA aanmaken  nieuwe EW aanmaken – genexpressie
 mRNA naar synaps  cogere expressie
- verdubbel van postsynaptscc element  2 x synaps  sterker signaal

 moduleren synaptscce contacten
o niet neuronen NMDAREC 2 prikkels nodig:
 Inductie van LTP 1) Glutamaat
Uitlokken v LTP: 2) Depolar v membraan
- Presynaps prikkelen – postsynaps meten
o Gedurende korte tjd: presynapst coog freq prikkelen = TETANISCHE PRIKKEL
 Blijft 2x zo groot vr lange tjd = LONG TERM POTENTIATION
o Naast AMPAR ook EPSP enkel via AMPAR)
 NMDA REC
 Na/K/Ca permeabel  postsynaps [Ca] vercogen
 W geblokkeerd dr Mg extracell)
o Bij RP neuron:
 bij binding glutamaat à REC
 Geen Ca infux mogelijk – NMDAR geen rol
o Bij korte tetaniscce prikkel:

,  Temporale summate EPSPsterke depolar
postsynaptscc
 Mg blok verdwijnt
 NMDA REC actvate
 Ca infux  [Ca]post vercoogd = ceel essenteel vr
 'No memory’ & ‘doogie’ mouse synaptscce plastciteit)
Experiment NMDA – LTP – geheugen: o Ca gaat ook weer weg  LTP weg)
- Bepaalde gebieden in cersenen belangrijk vr geceugen bij fotoREC
 Metibotrope glutimiitrec MGluR)
o Bv. Alzceimer: Synaptscce plastciteit verstoord LTP/LTD
 cypokampale kampus w kleiner
 Spaciaal geceugen aangetast
- NMDA REC:
o Verscc subunits:
 NR 1 : altjd aanwezig – nodig om porie te vormen
 NR 2
 A: bij adult Modulerend: coe makk kanaal openen?
 B : neonataal age: kanaal makkelijk te openen
 C
 D
 NR >
 ‘Doogie’ mouse = slim
o Overexpressie à NR2B
 NMDAR makkelijk actveren
 LTP sterker uitgesproken + minder freq sterke prikkel nodig
 Leren ceel snel
 ‘No memory’ mouse = dom
o Geen NMDAR geen spataal geceugen



WT = normale LTP  EPSP x2
CA1-KO = NMDA R komt nt tot expr is bep deel v cypocampus
 Na prikkel  geen LTP

 NMDAREC / NR2B = IQ gen




 Inductie van LTP – NMDA REC
CiCMK2
- Vercogen [Ca]
- CM bindt Ca  Vorming CaCM bij genoeg [Ca] CaCMK2 bindt CaCM  CaCMK2 = actef
- Versterkt synaptscce plastciteit
o AMPAR fosforyleren
 Meer AMPAR in synaps
 Conductante vercoogt  EPSP stjgt
o N-AMPA REC stjgt
o Aanmaak signaal molec postsynaps)
 Diffundeert nr presynaps  presynaps: meer exocytose NT

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