AP Human Geography Exam Review

absolute location - ANS The actual space a place occupies on Earth's surface acculturation - ANS The change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice from another culture agglomeration effects - ANS The cost advantages (external economies) for an individual company gained by locating near similar industries or companies agribusiness - ANS Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit agricultural density - ANS The number of people living in rural areas per unit of agricultural land alliance - ANS An association among countries for the purpose of mutual defense or trade animism - ANS The belief that spirits (including ancestral) live within objects such as animals, rivers, rocks, trees, and mountains antecedent boundary - ANS A boundary placed before the cultural landscape was developed artifact - ANS Tangible pieces of material culture assimilation - ANS The process in which immigrants become totally integrated into the host culture backwash effect - ANS The negative impact to the peripheral region sometimes caused by increased flows of labor and capital into a nearby high-growth region basic sector - ANS Goods and services produced for individuals outside the urban work area bid-rent curve - ANS The concept that the concentric circles in Burgess's concentric zone model are based on the amount people are willing to pay for land in each zone biotechnology - ANS The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value built environment - ANS The material culture of an environment carrying capacity - ANS The number of people an area can support on a sustained basis central business district (CBD) - ANS The business area found at the center of every older central city and urban area central place theory - ANS A theory developed by Walter Christaller that states that cities exist for economic reasons and that people gather in cities to share goods and ideas centrifugal force - ANS A strong, divisive force, such as religious differences or a weak communication systems, at work in a country centripetal force - ANS A strong, unifying force, such as a charismatic leader or nationalism, at work in a country chain migration - ANS The part of a migrant flow (usually relatives and friends) that follows former migrants to an area channelized migration - ANS Repetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or ethnicity (senior citizens moving to the Sun Belt) charter group - ANS The first group of settlers to establish a new and lasting culture and society is an area compact state - ANS A state that is basically round in shape, such as Poland or Bhutan) colonialism - ANS A system in which a country declares control over a territory or people outside its own boundaries, usually for economic purposes commodity chain - ANS A chain of activities from the manufacturing to the distribution of a product concentric zone model - ANS The model of urban land use developed by Burgess which demonstrates the invasion and succession processes that occur as the city grows and expands outward confederation - ANS A loose association of states organized for the purpose of retaining cohesion, such as the former republic of the USSR congregation - ANS An ethnic group's grouping together in a specific part of the city to support each other and minimize conflicts with those in the non-ethnic group consequent boundary - ANS A type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing linguistic, cultural, or religious boundaries conservation agriculture - ANS A modern method of farming that balances maximum crop yield with sustainable farming methods and protection of the environment