Age of Absolutism Quiz Review World History 2022

Age of Absolutism Quiz Review World History 2022 Philip II The son of Charles V was born and educated in Spain. He ruled Spain until his death. *Built a huge empire *Defended Catholicism *Fought against the Ottoman Empire *Sent the Spanish Armada to punish Protestant England. Absolute Monarch A king or queen with complete authority, (Political, Economic, Religious and Social control) over the government and people in a kingdom. Divine Right of Kings the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth Causes of the weakening of the Spanish Empire 1) Inflation and Taxes 2) Making Spains Enemies Rich - Increased exports, huge debt 3) The Dutch Revolt Causes of Absolutism 1) Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty. 2) The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops. 3) Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts. Effects of Absolutism 1) Cultural: Rulers regulated religious worship and social gatherings to control the spread of ideas. 2) Political: Rulers increased the size of their courts to appear more powerful. 3) Economic: Rulers created more bureaucracies to control their countries economies. Question: Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain? Philip raised taxes and took steps to crush Protestantism. They revolted and to punish them Philip executed 1,500 Protestants. They continued to fight. Question: Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power? ..Because they believed in divine right - God created monarchy and monarch acted as God's representative. Edict of Nantes A 1598 decree by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion. The edict gave religious rights to the French Protestants also known as Huguenots. Cardinal Richelieu King Louis XIII was a weak ruler and Richelieu filled the void, more or less running the empire via his advice to the king. A clever politician and strategist, Richelieu expanded royal power, punished dissent harshly, and built France into a great European power. Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was resistance by the great nobles. Louis XIII king of France from 1610 to 1643 who relied heavily on the advice of Cardinal Richelieu (). Louis XIV king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (); Was 4 year old boy when his reign started; Boaste "I am the state; Was called "The Sun King". Built the palace of Versailles to weaken the power of the nobles. Intendants French government agents who collected taxes and administered justice. This allowed Louis to build an effective bureaucracy paving the way to absolutism in France. Jean Baptiste Colbert This mercantilist economist was the financial advisor to Louis XIV his policies were based on the economic theory of mercantilism. Palace of Versailles a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles to lesson the power of the nobles and demonstrate the power of the king. War of the Spanish Succession () war fought over the Spanish throne; Louis XIV wanted it for his son and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman Empire to gain the throne for France. , () war fought over the Spanish throne; Louis XIV wanted it for his son and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman Empire to gain the throne for France. Ended at Utrecht in 1713; The big winner in the war was Great Britain. Thirty Years' War A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. Wars ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia. Most of the fighting took place in the Germanic lands of the Holy Roman Empire. Peace of Westphalia Ended Thirty Years War, its consequences weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria, strengthened France by awarding it German Territory, ended religious warfare in Europe. Made it clear that religion and politics were now separate Maria Theresa Proved that women were capable of effectively ruling a country. She was the first woman monarch to rule in modern Central Europe in 1740. She had to fight off Prussia as soon as she ascended to the throne to keep her Empire. Frederick the Great King of Prussia (). Successful in the War of the Austrian Succession () and the Seven Years' War (), he brought Prussia great military prestige in Europe. He followed his father's military policies and encouraged religious toleration and legal reforms. Created a military society and had a standing army of 80,000 men one of the largest and best in Europe War of Austrian Succession