Hartman's CNA Chapter 2: Foundations of Resident's Care - Practice Exam Correct 100%

What do you do if a person loses consciousness while choking? - Answer Make sure help is on the way and start CPR When does shock occur? - Answer When organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply What are signs of shock? (5) - Answer -pale or bluish skin (cyanotic) -staring -increased pulse and respiration rates -low blood pressure -extreme thirst What are the steps when responding to shock? - Answer 1. call for help 2. control bleeding if necessary 3. make sure the patient is lying down on her back, unless vomiting or bleeding from the mouth (in this case, they should lay on their side, unless there are neck, back or spinal cord injuries) 4. check pulse and respirations. Begin CPR if absent 5. maintain normal body temp by putting on a blanket or removing clothing, providing shade 6. elevate the legs (unless injury or breathing trouble). elevate the head if there are breathing difficulties or a head wound 7. report incident What causes a myocardial infarction (MI)? - Answer when the heart muscle does not receive oxygen due to blocked blood vessels Signs of an MI? - Answer -sudden, severe chest pain -pain or discomfort in other areas of the body (ex: arms) -indigestion or heartburn -nausea and vomiting -dyspnea, or difficulty breathing -dizziness -cyanotic skin color -perspiration -cold and clammy skin -low blood pressure -weak and irregular pulse rate -anxiety and sense of doom -denial of a heart problem NOTE: Women are more likely to have dyspnea, pressure or pain in the lower chest or upper abdomen, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, pressure in upper back or extreme fatigue. Less likely to have chest pain Responding to a heart attack? - Answer 1. notify nurse 2. place person in a comfortable position. Reassure him you will not leave him alone, and encourage him to rest 3. Loosen the clothing around the person's neck 4. Monitor breathing and pulse. If person stops breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR 5. Stay with person until help arrives Controlling bleeding - Answer 1. notify nurse 2. Put on gloves 3. hold a thick sterile pad, clean cloth, handkerchief, or towel against the wound 4. press down hard on the bleeding wound until help arrives. add more dressings if bleeds through 5. raise wound above level of the heart. Prop up the limb