BSCI 330 UMD Exam 2
Information in DNA - ✔️✔️same as mRNA, transcription termination and initiation
information, splicing information
catalytic domain - ✔️✔️protein domain in enzyme-linked receptors, activated by a
conformational change induced by the ligand-binding domain, inhibits host cell protein
synthesis and interacts with substrate to cause enzyme reaction
tRNA - ✔️✔️An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid
and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codon - ✔️✔️three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single
amino acid
Translation - ✔️✔️1. tRNA binds to 5' cap of mRNA
2.tRNA scans until AUG is found
3. Special initiator tRNA binds
4. Ribosomes attach to tRNA and mRNA and create initiation complex
5. Met tRNA reads Codon, Amino acid is coupled to tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA-
synthetase
7. Synthetase reads for proofreads
8. Specific new tRNA is called to ribosome w/ correct anticodon to mRNA and replaces
old
9. Stop Codon is read and RF binds to ribosome, causing hydrolysis of tRNA, release of
protein chain, and ribosome dissociation
protein synthesis direction - ✔️✔️N-terminus to C-terminus, added to C-terminus
GTP hydrolysis - ✔️✔️used for elongation and requires ATP
used to proofread and speed up ribosome translocation
activated by GEF
Elongation - ✔️✔️addition of amino acids to the polypeptide chain; continues until it
reaches a stop codon
What is catalytic component of ribosome made of - ✔️✔️RNA
Termination - ✔️✔️stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site
, polyribosome - ✔️✔️string of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same
mRNA strand during protein synthesis
Translocation - ✔️✔️movement of mRNA and tRNA through ribosomes sites, does not
require ATP hydrolysis
Cycloheximide - ✔️✔️Inhibits translocation (eukaryotes)
Puromycin - ✔️✔️Causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of
aminoacyl-tRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
information in mRNA - ✔️✔️same as protein, translation termination and initiation
information
information in protein - ✔️✔️information for 3D structure, cellular location, and protein
function
Domain - ✔️✔️independently folding sub regions within protein sequence
Motif - ✔️✔️domain that is common and conserved across DNA
Receptor binding domain - ✔️✔️attaches to cell surface and goes in (SARS COV)
hydrophobic domains - ✔️✔️Stretches of amino acids that as a transmembranes
Prions - ✔️✔️infectious protein particles that do not have a genome and cause
abnormal folding
primary structure - ✔️✔️linear sequence of amino acids attached by peptide bonds
making up a polypeptide chain, determined by mRNA code
secondary structure - ✔️✔️folding or coiling of the polypeptide chain held together by
weak hydrogen bonds between carbonyls and amines
rigid proline - ✔️✔️inserts kink in protein's backbone and disrupts secondary structure
alpha helix - ✔️✔️A spiral shape arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure
that is 4 amino acids apart(one strands)
beta sheet - ✔️✔️hydrogen bonding between adjacent polypeptide chains( parallel or
antiparallel)
Information in DNA - ✔️✔️same as mRNA, transcription termination and initiation
information, splicing information
catalytic domain - ✔️✔️protein domain in enzyme-linked receptors, activated by a
conformational change induced by the ligand-binding domain, inhibits host cell protein
synthesis and interacts with substrate to cause enzyme reaction
tRNA - ✔️✔️An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid
and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codon - ✔️✔️three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single
amino acid
Translation - ✔️✔️1. tRNA binds to 5' cap of mRNA
2.tRNA scans until AUG is found
3. Special initiator tRNA binds
4. Ribosomes attach to tRNA and mRNA and create initiation complex
5. Met tRNA reads Codon, Amino acid is coupled to tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA-
synthetase
7. Synthetase reads for proofreads
8. Specific new tRNA is called to ribosome w/ correct anticodon to mRNA and replaces
old
9. Stop Codon is read and RF binds to ribosome, causing hydrolysis of tRNA, release of
protein chain, and ribosome dissociation
protein synthesis direction - ✔️✔️N-terminus to C-terminus, added to C-terminus
GTP hydrolysis - ✔️✔️used for elongation and requires ATP
used to proofread and speed up ribosome translocation
activated by GEF
Elongation - ✔️✔️addition of amino acids to the polypeptide chain; continues until it
reaches a stop codon
What is catalytic component of ribosome made of - ✔️✔️RNA
Termination - ✔️✔️stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site
, polyribosome - ✔️✔️string of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same
mRNA strand during protein synthesis
Translocation - ✔️✔️movement of mRNA and tRNA through ribosomes sites, does not
require ATP hydrolysis
Cycloheximide - ✔️✔️Inhibits translocation (eukaryotes)
Puromycin - ✔️✔️Causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of
aminoacyl-tRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
information in mRNA - ✔️✔️same as protein, translation termination and initiation
information
information in protein - ✔️✔️information for 3D structure, cellular location, and protein
function
Domain - ✔️✔️independently folding sub regions within protein sequence
Motif - ✔️✔️domain that is common and conserved across DNA
Receptor binding domain - ✔️✔️attaches to cell surface and goes in (SARS COV)
hydrophobic domains - ✔️✔️Stretches of amino acids that as a transmembranes
Prions - ✔️✔️infectious protein particles that do not have a genome and cause
abnormal folding
primary structure - ✔️✔️linear sequence of amino acids attached by peptide bonds
making up a polypeptide chain, determined by mRNA code
secondary structure - ✔️✔️folding or coiling of the polypeptide chain held together by
weak hydrogen bonds between carbonyls and amines
rigid proline - ✔️✔️inserts kink in protein's backbone and disrupts secondary structure
alpha helix - ✔️✔️A spiral shape arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure
that is 4 amino acids apart(one strands)
beta sheet - ✔️✔️hydrogen bonding between adjacent polypeptide chains( parallel or
antiparallel)
