Patho exam questions and answers 2024

Patho exam questions and answers 2024 You are working a pt that has been in cardiac arrest for a prolonged period. What pH imbalance would this pt be experiencing? -Answer-Metabolic and respiratory acidosis Respiratory acidosis associated with chest wall injury is caused by ________. -Answer-An increased elimination of CO2 resulting in a decreased H+ concentration Which of the following is a cause of edema? -Answer-Increased hydrostatic pressure Supply the missing compound: H + ___ = H2CO3. -Answer-HCO3 The delicate balance between intake and output of fluids and electrolytes, ensuring that the internal environment is kept fairly constant. -Answer-Homeostasis Which of the following are true concerning sodium? -Answer-All of the above (it is the most prevalent of the extracellular cations, it is important in regulating the distribution of water throughout the body through its osmotic force, it is often associated with the anion chloride, an excess is called hypernatremia and may result in edema) If a patient has type B antigen and antibody A, he can generally be expected to safely receive which blood types? -Answer-B and O Which statement regarding a person with type A blood is correct? -Answer-A person with type A blood has antigen A present on red blood cells and antibody B present in the plasma The pH buffering mechanism that regulates pH by directly retaining or eliminating hydrogen or bicarbonate ions from the circulation is ___. -Answer-The renal system Your patient is a 77 year old male lying supine in bed in a cheap rooming house room. There is a strong smell of urine in the room. The patient is unresponsive. Respirations are deep and rapid and the breath is sweet smelling. Pulse is weak, rapid and irregular. Skin is warm and dry. eyes are sunken. BP is 80/40. This patient would probably have a PCO2 which is: -Answer-Low Hemolytic/transfusion reaction is defined as _____. -Answer-Viral invasion of the thrombocytes What is the chief intracellular cation? -Answer-Potassium Which of the following are baroreceptor responses to low blood pressure? -Answer-Decreased container size A solution having a concentration of solute molecules = to that is inside the cells -Answer- Isotonic If a patient is showing signs of dehydration, what is the most appropriate IV fluid to administer in the field? -Answer-Isotonic crystalloid Which of the following are cations? -Answer-A,c, and d. Sodium, calcium, magnesium You are treating a pt c/o weakness and mild chest discomfort since two hours ago. Vitals are B/P 84/50, pulse 220, R. 24. What type of shock do you suspect this pt. is suffering from? -Answer- Hypovolemic What type of fluid would dehydrate the cells? -Answer-Hypertonic The blood colloid osmotic pressure is _____ the hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary -Answer-Less than Which are true about metabolic acidosis? 1. pH is higher than usual 2. may be present in patients with diabetes, 3. may result from hypoperfusion 4. may have pH of less than 7.35, 5. occurs when the body produces an excess of acid, 6. may be caused by elimination of the bicarbonate buffer, 7. the pH is usually greater than 7.45, 8. The pt's ventilations should be slowed down to retain more CO2. -Answer-2,3,4,5,6 You are treating a pt that got emotional after receiving numerous licks and wallops during a fight with his spouse. The pt is c/o chest pain, dyspnea and his lips and fingers are tingling. The pt's vitals are B/P 142/90, P 110, and R 28 with good tidal volume. You would expect this pt's pH to be: -Answer-Elevated You are treating a pt with significant abdominal trauma, Vital signs are B/P 82/50, P 128, Resp 28 with good tidal volume. You would expect the pt's PCO2 level to be: -Answer-Low Excess-fluid in the interstitial space is called -Answer-Edema The system responsible for maintaining balance of both fluids and electrolytes by controlling fluid output is/are the -Answer-Renal The most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid is -Answer-Potassium Infusion of solution that is ____ into a normally hydrated person will cause a significant shift of fluid into the cells. -Answer-Hypotonic You are treating a pt that got emotional after receiving numerous licks and wallops during a fight with his spouse. The pt is c/o chest pain, dyspnea and his lips and fingers are tingling. The pt's vitals are B/P 142/90, P 110, a