MODULE 2 (BIOD 121) STUDY GUIDE MATERIAL EXAM

MODULE 2 (BIOD 121) STUDY GUIDE MATERIAL EXAM Define digestion - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body What are normal blood sugar levels? - CORRECT ANSWER-70-100 mg/dl Once absorbed, what can these nutrients be used for? - CORRECT ANSWER-fuel cellular growth fight infections/immune system provide energy to our muscles and brain what is the 5 variety of stimuli that set off a variety of hormones before food even enters the mouth? - CORRECT ANSWER-cognition sound odor appearance taste cognition - CORRECT ANSWER-thoughts about food can start the flow of saliva sound - CORRECT ANSWER-hearing a description of the meal odor - CORRECT ANSWER-smells stimulate a hunger response and influence its taste apperance - CORRECT ANSWER-seeing the food taste - CORRECT ANSWER-begins as the food enters your mouth and also how it feels Where does mechanical digestion begin? - CORRECT ANSWER-mouth (chewing) Peristalsis (digestion) - CORRECT ANSWER-involuntary muscle contractions are used to move food mixtures along the tract what are the chemical means the body has at its disposal to further aid in breaking down food? - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzymes, acid, bile, and mucus Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions. Relative to digestion, enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions required to break down food particles into smaller parts Where does nutrient absorption occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-across the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—a long hollow tube consisting of several layers of tissue that begins with the mouth and ends at the anus specifically the small intestine Mucosa (intestines) - CORRECT ANSWER-is the inner-most layer, and it is made of absorptive cells and glands what comprise the outer layers of the intestinal wall and functions to mix and move food along the GI tract? - CORRECT ANSWER-Circular and longitudinal muscles what are the 3 processes the body can use to move nutrients from the GI tract into the blood/lymph system and eventually into the cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-passive diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport