CPNRE Preparation - Maternal Newborn and Pregnancy Terms Questions & Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

CPNRE Preparation - Maternal Newborn and Pregnancy Terms Types of Breast Feeding Positions (C,C,F,L) - Answer-Cross - Cradle = young babies Cradle = most familiar but with experienced moms Foot Ball Hold = small babies or moms with large breasts Lying down = comfortable for both mom and baby Cracked nipples - Answer-Due to improper latching. Apply breast milk to tips for lubrication. Tips for Breast Feeding with Engorged Breasts - Answer-Hand press breast feeding Normal New Born VS - Answer-Temp = 36.5-37.4 BP = 60-80 systolic - 40-50 diastolic RR = 30-60 "irregular is normal for first 24Hr HR = 100-180 O2 % = 95-100% Define BUBBLEHE - Answer-Breast Uterus Bladder Bowel Lochia Episiotomy Homans Sign "DVT indicator" Emotional Status Production of Colostrum begins when? When does a mother milk come in PP? - Answer-Colostrum produced week 13-27 / 2nd trimester Milk comes in 3-4 days after colostrum, after birth of baby.Why do some moms experience strong pains after breastfeeding? - Answer-Improper latching, thrush infection, not enough milk production Involution - Answer-Shrinking of an organ to regular size (Uterus PP) What level should the fund us be at 1 Hr after birth? How about 1,2,3 days after? - Answer-1 hr after birth = level of umbilicus Each day after = descends 1-2 cm / day What can cause the fundus to be off Center? - Answer-Full bladder. Get pt to void, if not insert a catheter. Define Lochia Rubra, Serosa, Alba - Answer-Rubra = bright red - first 3-4 days Serosa = red/pink tinged - till 10th day PP Alba = white mucus up to 4-6 weeks PP Newborn Head Circumference - Answer-34 - 35 cm Newborn Chest Circumference - Answer-30-33 cm (12-13 in) Newborn head to heel length - Answer-50 cm / 19 3//4 Normal Birth Weight - Answer-5lb 12oz - 8 lb 12oz Define vernix caseosa - Answer-Thick, cheesy white substance made of sebum and shed epithelial cells from the birth canal (used as protection) on the skin of a newborn. Neonatal Jaundice cause and treatment - Answer-yellowish pallor common in the first few days of life due to immaturity of the liver causing an excess of bilirubin in the body. Treatment is light therapy. Also sunlight is an option for mothers at home. Define Milia - Answer-Small white bump like cysts normally on the face.Define Lanugo - Answer-Hair that covers a newborn to keep them warm. Also found on ppl with anorexia. Define Erythema Toxicum - Answer-Newborn rash Define Acrocyanosis vs Circumoral Cyanosis - Answer-Acrocyanosis = bluish colouring of the mouth hands and feed caused by slow circulation. Circumoralcyanosis = bluish discolouring on the mouth only Define Mongolian Spots - Answer-Flat gray and blue discolouration on the buttocks and lower back of babies. Common in dark skinned babies. Define Stork Bites - Answer-Flat, Pink spots on babies skin appearing on face, eyelids, upper lids and back of neck and forehead due to dilated blood vessels. anterior fontanel - Answer-Space between the skull caps on the top of the head. caput succedaneum - Answer-diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. reabsorbes within 1 to 3 days posterior fontanel - Answer-back soft spot on fetal skull between parietal and occipital bone Cephalhematoma - Answer-collection of blood between periosteum and skull bone that it covers does not cross suture line results from trauma during birth Molding on the skull - Answer-Baby's skull is soft and flexible, baby's head can change shape to accommodate birthing canal. subconjuntival hemmorage - Answer-Frequent finding, breaking of small vessels due to the pressure during deliveryCesarean birth method can cause what to build up in a newborns lung. - Answer-Fluid, due to exposure during removal. Umbilical Coard Components - Answer-AVA - 2 Arteries and 1 vein May be stained from meconium Why can a female newborn have discharge from their perineal area after birth? What is the Medical Term for this condition. - Answer-Due to withdrawal from mothers hormones, this is totally normal. Pseudomenstruation. Define syndactyly - Answer-Webbing between fingers or toes. Define polydactyly - Answer-extra digits at birth Define grasp reflex - Answer-an infantile reflex in which an infant closes her hand into a fist when her palm is touched Define motor reflex - Answer-Present in all newborns up to 3-4 months. Infant feels like its falling so it spreads out the arms or unspreads them, along with crying. Define tonic neck reflex - Answer-Vanishes around 6-7 months. Rolling, bringing hands together or to the mouth. Define stepping reflex - Answer-When feet are touching a surface they take steps or dance when being held upright Define rooting reflex - Answer-Babies turn their face toward the stimulus and make sucking motions with the mouth Define APGAR - Answer-Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. Completed at 1 min, 5 min, and sometimes 10 min PP.Appearance: blue/pale 0, pink but blue extremities 1, pink 2. Pulse: absent 0, less than 100 - 1, greater than 100 - 2. Grimace: floppy 0, minimal response to stimulation 1, prompt response 2. Activity: absent 0, flexed arms and legs, active 2. Respiration: absent 0, slow and irregular 1, vigorous cry 2. Scores of 0-2 are given. Totals add up to nursing interventions needed. 0-3 CPR, 4-6 provide stimulation but be prepared for CPR, 7-10 normal. GPTPAL(M) and explain what each means. - Answer-gravida = # of pregnancies para = # of pregnancies greater than 20 wks term = births between 36 weeks (alive or not) preterm = births between 20-35 weeks (alive or not) abortion/miscarriages = counts as pregnancy so is included in gravida and born 20+ wk living = how many children currently living ***Multiples = twins, triples ** Twins count as 1 pregnancy but count individually when added to "Living" section. Antepartum / Prepartum - Answer-Time between conception and onset of labor. Braxton Hicks contractions - Answer-intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses, may occur every 10-20 minutes. Mistaken for true labor signs Nageles Rule - Answer-Date of LMP - Add 7 days, Add 1 Year, Subtract 3 months. Calculates EDD Gravida - Answer-Pregnant womanMulti gravida / Multipara - Answer-Woman who has been pregnant 1+ times Nulligravida, Nullipara - Answer-a woman who has never been pregnant, Nullipara woman 1st pregnancy past 20 weeks Parity / Para - Answer-Woman who has borne children past age of viability Define Post term - Answer-42 weeks greater PROM - Answer-premature rupture of membranes, results in onset of labour. Define Preterm - Answer-born before 37 weeks Primigravida - Answer-first pregnancy primipara - Answer-a woman who has borne one viable child Striae - Answer-stretch marks abruptio placentae - Answer-premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall Effacement - Answer-thinning of the cervix during labor episiostomy - Answer-Incision to accommodate baby's width. Incision of perineum to enlarge the opening. Midline are measured in degree First- involves superficial vaginal mucosa, or perineal skin, second degree, involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal skin and deepr tissues which may include fascia and muscles of the perineum. Third degree- Same as second degree lacerations but involves the anal sphincter. Fourth Degree- Extends through the anal sphincted into the rectal mucosa. Define 3 types of fetal presentation "CSB" - Answer-Cephalic, Shoulder, Breech Forceps / Vacuum extraction - Answer-Method of using forceps or a vacuum to extract a fetus during birthInduction and augmentation of labor - Answer-Artificial methods to stimulate uterine contractions intrapartum - Answer-within (during) labor and childbirth Mucous plug - Answer-A collection of thick mucus that blocks the cervical canal during pregnancy. Also called operculum. Oxytocin - Answer-a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. Also administered PP if there is a boggy uterus to stimulate uterine contractions so the uterus can firm up and prevent PPH placenta previa - Answer-implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus Four stages of labour - Answer-STAGE 1 = may take days, is very slow. Starts with 0-3 cm dilation in latent stage. Active stage progresses to 3-10cm dilation. STAGE 2 = From dilation of cervix to birth of child STAGE 3 = placenta is delivered STAGE 4 = recovery - from delivery of placenta to transfer to recovery room Define VBAC - Answer-vaginal birth after cesarean - trail of vaginal delivery after a previous C-section After Pains - Answer-Cramp like pains due to contractions of uterus after childbirth. More common with Multiparas and most severe during breastfeeding. Lasts 2-3 days. Define Colostrum - Answer-a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest Engorgement - Answer-Painful swelling of breast tissue as a result of rapid increase in milk production and venous congestion causing interstitial tissue edema; impaired milk flow results in accumulation of milk in breasts; most often occurs between the third and fifth postpartum daysPost Partum Depression (PPD) - Answer-A non-psychotic depressive episode that either occurs after delivery or begins prior to delivery and continues into the postpartum period. Increased risk 1 year PP, but can occur 1-4 weeks PP. Uterine Involution - Answer-the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery Skin to Skin contact - Answer-Known as Kangaroo Care. Helps stabilize baby temp, establishes breast milk, bonding Possible signs of Pregnancy - Answer-amenorrhea morning sickness (2-7 wks) frequent urination breast changes Probable signs of Pregnancy - Answer-blood and urine tests, Chadwick's sign - blue cervix due to increased vascularity, Goodell's sign - softening of cervix , Hegar's sign - isthmus of cervix softens, positive pregnancy test Define Ballottement - Answer-HC practitioner feels the inside of the cervix and outside of abdomen to feel the fetus Frequency of doctors visits - Answer-Q4 Wks - up to 30 weeks Q2 Wks - up to 36 weeks Q1 week - up to delivery Nutrition for Pregnancy - Answer-folic acid = 0.6 mg/600 mcg - prevention of birth defects in brain and spinal coard foods: animal liver, legumes, asparagus, cooked spinach, wheat germ, dark greens, pasta, rice, egg calcium = mg/day protein = 71 g in 2nd and 3rd trimester *calories = 330-400 in 3rd trimester* - no need to increase calories in 1st trimesterQuickening - Answer-the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother. 13- 16 weeks. True onset of contractions - Answer-Contractions 4-5 min apart but lasting 60 seconds Criteria for C-section - Answer-Baby in distress, Baby is stuck or breech, Mother with cardiac issues, baby's head is too big, placenta is too low in the cervix When to start breast feeding after birth? - Answer-Can begin 30 min after delivery Breast Feeding Assessment - LATCH - Answer-L=Latch A=Audible swallowing T=Type of nipples C=Comfort of breast and nipples H= Hold and positioning "tummy to tummy" Another word for Boggy Uterus - Answer-Uterine Atony What do you instruct a PP mother about voiding after delivery? - Answer-Call the nurse to come assist you to the washroom, Nurse can inspect woman's urine to inspect if she passes any clots. What increases risk of PPH? - Answer-C-Section birth When can a mother resume sexual relationships? - Answer-After 6 weeks or when comfortable Define Mastitis and Nursing interventions - Answer-Inflammation of milk ducts , Woman can still breastfeed but change the position of feeding. Characterized by redness, soreness, red line along duct. Signs that a Baby is hungry - Answer-Sucking on hands, turning head and open mouths, eye movements, little noisesPKU - newborns disorder - Answer-Phenylketouria - common metabolic disease cause by an error in metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine. Results in intellectual disabilities, seizures, behavioural problems. Steps to preserve temperature in newborns - Answer-Warm blankets, heater lamps, skin to skin contact, hats on newborn head, bath them in a draft free room. Newborn Medication - Vit K injection IM - Answer-Treats VKDB/HDN - helps the blood clot and prevents serious bleeding disorders. Given within first 6 hrs PP. 1mg IM into vastislateralis Newborn Medication - Erythromycin Eyedrops - Answer-Treats eye infections and protects against gonorrhea and chlamydia due to the birthing process. Assess newborn for what type of fractures ? - Answer-clavicle Normal amount of wet diapers each day? - Answer-6-8 Belinski reflex - Answer-Stroke bottom - top of foot and Center toes hyper flex. If an infant cries upon extremity pulling a # is to be expected. Define Goodell's sign - Answer-cyanosis and softening of cervix due to increased vascularity of cervical tissue as early as 4 weeks Define Chadwick's Sign - Answer-Bluish color of vaginal mucosa and cervix Define Hegars sign - Answer-Uterine Isthmus softens When are newborn blood tests performed PP? - Answer-Within 48&72 hours Define T.S.H blood test in newborns - Answer-Newborns may have low thyroid hormone level. Treated with supplemental hormone. How many times per week should you bath a newborn baby? - Answer-2-3 times a weekHow to care for an Umbilical cord steps? - Answer-Wash with water, no soap. Can use alcohol to help it dry up. Is weight loss in an infant normal after birth? - Answer-Yes - within the first week. Infant will regain the weight soon. After care for circumcision steps - Answer-Leave dressing lubricated with gauze for 24 hours after procedure. Throughout healing process you can apply Vaseline to the end of the penis after every bath or diaper change. Give Acetaminophen as prescribed. Birth Weight Terms: AGA, SGA, LGA - Answer-AGA = normal baby weight SGA = small for gestational age LGA = large for gestational age What happens if your baby has brick coloured urine? - Answer-Caused by Uris acid crystal making it red. Increase feedings for the baby because they are dehydrated. How do infants feel pain? - Answer-More intensely than adults do.