AAMC FL 4 P-S Exam Questions and Answers

AAMC FL 4 P-S Exam Questions and Answers Parietal Cortex -Answer-Provides higher levels of sensory information, such as map of the external world, that is important for planning and carrying out movements; spatial reasoning and processing sensations involved in somatosensory and spatial processing Occipital Cortex -Answer-Brain region that processes visual information. The numbers presented to the participants in the avoidance study function as: A. reinforcers. B. punishers. C. discriminating stimuli. D. unconditioned stimuli. -Answer-C) discriminating stimuli they signal the availability of reinforcement or punishment discriminating stimuli is distinguishing between specific stimuli (so different numbers mean different things in this case). It's the opposite of generalized stimuli which would be giving the same response to all the numbers presented positive reinforcer -Answer-a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response (ADDING something to INCREASE behavior; money) negative reinforcer -Answer-an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future (REMOVING something unpleasent to INCREASE response: taking a painkiller to remove a headache) types of negative reinforcement -Answer--escape learning -avoidance learning Escape Learning -Answer-an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some aversive stimulation take a painkiller to remove headache Avoidance Learning -Answer-an organism acquires a response that prevents some aversive stimulation from occurring taking dairy pill BEFORE eating dairy Positive Punishment -Answer-the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring (ADDING negative something to DECREASE behavior; coporal punishment) Negative Punishment -Answer-the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring (REMOVING something to DECREASE behavior; mom taking away your phone bc you were bad) unconditioned stimulus -Answer-in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally— naturally and automatically—triggers a response; the food in pavlov experiment) Behaviourism -Answer-school of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behaviour OUTCOMES of behavior determine whether behavior is repeated (operant learning; Skinner) Social Cognitive Theory -Answer-referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world Which statement best explains how the concept of external motivation (used by SDT) is different from extrinsic motivation? Compared to external motivation, extrinsic motivation: A. is a broader term that includes external motivation. B. is a narrower term that refers to external reinforcers. C. excludes social punishers and reinforcers. D. excludes internal states that direct behavior. -