APEA 3P PREP-GL EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

APEA 3P PREP-GL EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS An 83-year-old patient is diagnosed with diverticulitis. The most common complaint is: rectal bleeding. bloating and cramping. left lower quadrant pain. frequentbelchingand flatulence. C. Diverticular disease is more common in older adults. About 70% of patients diagnosed with diverticulitis have left lower quadrant pain. Rectal bleeding may have varied etiologies, such as rectal carcinoma or hemorrhoids. Bloating and cramping are often found in patients with diverticular disease (diverticulosis) but not specifically diverticulitis. Belching and flatulence arenot specifically associatedwith diverticulosis. What is true regarding older adults who are overweight? This is clearly associated with increased mortality in older adults. Mortality in older adults related to overweight states declines over time.BMI is a good way to assess nutritional status in older adults. There are nopotential metabolic or functional benefits to weight loss in olderadults.B. Overweight and obese states are not as important in predicting mortality in older adults as they are in their younger counterparts. After age 65 years (some studies demonstrate after age 70), weight is less significant in decreasing risk for mortalitythan in younger adults. There are some benefits to weight loss in the obese older adults. One of them is better balance and decreased risk for falls. Others include less sleep apnea, decreased risk of diabetes, and decreased rates of shortness of breath with respiratory and cardiac diseases. The relationship between colon polyps and colon cancer is those polyps: eventually, all become malignant. have a slow progression to colon cancer. have a rapid progression to colon no relationship to colon cancer. B. Colon polyps are usually slow-growing and take a long time to progress to cancer. This is the reason that a colonoscopy does not need to be repeated annually. Whilenot all polyps grow slowly, this is the usual progression. A 5-year-old has been diagnosed with pinworms. He lives with his mother. There areno other members of the household. How should his mother be managed? Reassure the mother that if she develops symptoms, she will need to be treated.Visually assess the mother’s rectum for redness or presence of worms. Have the mother collect a stool specimen and send it to the laboratory. Perform the “scotchtape” test andlook at the collection under the microscope.D. The diagnosis of pinworms (Enterobiasis) is made by using a piece of scotch tape ona tongue depressor. It is touched against the patient’s rectum. The greatest yield of eggs will occur during the nighttime or early AM. Eggs will be found here if they are present. Worms and eggs are rarely found in stool specimens, so this is not a good plan. When the scotch tape is examined under a low power microscope, the eggs will be easily visualized since they are large and bean shaped. The finding of an adult worm would confirm the diagnosis. These are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. If the mother is symptomatic, she should be treated with or withouta rectal exam. It is very likely she is infected. A patient has been diagnosed with hepatitis B. The most commonly reported riskfactor is: drinking contaminated g contaminated food. exposure toblood. sexual exposure. D. Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood and body fluids. While exposure to infected blood or blood products would significantly increase the risk of infection in unvaccinated people, this is much less likely than becoming infected via sexual exposure or IV drug use. Hepatitis A is transmitted via fecal-oral routes. Drinkingcontaminated water and eating contaminated food implicate hepatitis A as the etiologic agent. The three most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in the US are Salmonella,Campylobacter, and: E. coli. Enteroviru s.Yersinia. Shigell a.D. Shigella will be shed continuously in the stool and should be easily identified on stool culture. When bacterial gastroenteritis is suspected, a stool specimen could beordered for confirmation. Generally, these three pathogens are easily identified if they are present. Enterovirus produces a viral form of diarrhea. Yersinia produces the deadly disease called bubonic plague. E. coli is atypical colonic pathogen. What medication used to treat patients who have GERD provides the fastest relief ofheartburn symptoms? Calcium carbonate Ranitidine Amantadine Pantoprazole A. Calcium carbonate is an antacid. It provides rapid changes in gastric pH. This provides relief that can be noticed immediately. The increase in pH lasts for about30 minutes and corresponds with resolution of symptoms. However, as pH decreases within 30 minutes, symptoms may return. Ranitidine is an H2 blocker. Itprovides relief in 1-2 hours. This usually lasts for about 6-12 hours. Amantadine is an antiviral not used to treat GERD. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. This provides relief after several hours or days of daily consumption