CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR PATHO HESI

CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR PATHO HESI A client is brought to the Emergency Center after a snow-skiing accident. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? - CORRECT ANSWERReview the electrocardiogram tracing What histologic finding in an affected area of the body would suggest the presence of chronic inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in monocytes and macrophages When observing a client for symptoms of a large bowel obstruction, the nurse should assess for which finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-Distention of the lower abdomen What information should the nurse include in a teaching plan about the onset of menopause? - CORRECT ANSWER-Smoking Oophorectomy w/ hysterectomy Early Menarche Genetic Influence Chemotherapy Exposure Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal client? - CORRECT ANSWER-Consume adequate foods rich in calcium. The nurse is assessing a postmenopausal woman who is complaining of urinary urgency and frequency and stress incontinence. She also reports difficulty in emptying her bladder. These complaints are most likely due to which condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cystocele A man who was recently diagnosed with Huntington's disease asks the nurse if his adolescent son should be tested for the disease. What response is best for the nurse to provide? - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetic counseling should be obtained prior to undertaking any genetic testing procedure A middle-aged male client asks the nurse what findings from his digital rectal examination (DRE) prompted the healthcare provider to prescribe a repeat serum prostatic surface antigen (PSA) level. What information should the nurse provide? - CORRECT ANSWER-Stony, Irregular nodules palpated on the prostate should be further evaluated Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by which pathophysiological condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-Skeletal Muscle Degeneration A 26-year-old male client with Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The client expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What information should the nurse provide? - CORRECT ANSWERPermanent sterility occurs in male clients who receive radiation. A client is admitted to the Emergency Department with a tension pneumothorax . Which assessment should the nurse expect to identify? - CORRECT ANSWER-A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite the pneumothorax. Which signs and symptoms are associated with arterial insufficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pallor, intermittent claudication A client with a fractured right radius reports severe, diffuse pain that has not responded to the prescribed analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement of the limb than with active movement by the client. The nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting symptoms of which condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute Compartment Syndrome A mother is crying as she holds and rocks her child with tetanus who is having muscular spasms and crying. After administering diazepam (Valium) to the child, what action should the nurse implement? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lay the child down and ask the mother to stay near the child in the crib. The parents of a child with hemophilia A ask the nurse about their probability of having another child with hemophilia A. Which information is the basis for the nurse's response? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of inheriting hemophilia Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder A client's family asks why their mother with heart failure needs a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter now that she is in the intensive care unit (ICU). What information should the nurse include in the explanation to the family? - CORRECT ANSWER-A pulmonary artery catheter measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement. Which pathophysiological response supports a client's vomiting experience? - CORRECT ANSWER-Spasmodic reflex of respiratory and gastric movements results from stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. After talking with the healthcare provider, a male client continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER-As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood. The severity of diabetic retinopathy is directly related to which condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-poor blood glucose control A client reports unprotected sexual intercourse one week ago and is worried about HIV exposure. An initial HIV antibody screen (ELISA) is obtained. The nurse teaches the client that seroconversion to HIV positive relies on antibody production by B lymphocytes after exposure to the virus. When should the nurse recommend the client return for repeat blood testing? - CORRECT ANSWER-6-12 weeks A client who is receiving a whole blood transfusion develops chills, fever, and a headache 30 minutes after the transfusion is started. The nurse should recognize these symptoms as characteristic of what reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER-a febrile transfusion reaction A male client who has never smoked but has had COPD for the past 5 years is now being assessed for cancer of the lung. The nurse knows that he is most likely to develop which type of lung cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-Adenocarcinoma Which rationale best supports an older client's risk of complications related to a dysrhythmia? - CORRECT ANSWER-An older client is intolerant of decreased cardiac output which may cause dizziness and falls. The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just before the end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded? - CORRECT ANSWER-Crackles in the right and left lower lobes. Physical examination of a comatose client reveals decorticate posturing. Which statement is accurate regarding this client's status based upon this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe dysfunction of the cerebral cortex has occurred. The nurse is assessing a client with a ruptured small bowel and determines that the client has a temperature of 102.8 o F. Which assessment finding provides the earliest indication that the client is experiencing septic shock? - CORRECT ANSWERHyperpnea While the nurse obtains a male client's history, review of systems, and physical examination, the client tells the nurse that his breast drains fluid secretions from the nipple. The nurse should seek further evaluation of which endocrine gland function? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.