Holistic 3209 KSU 166 Final Exam Questions And Answers

What is the average normal amount for fluid intake and fluid output? - ️️~2600 mL/day What are some causes or risks for hypovolemia? - ️️Diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria, losses through wounds, impaired swallowing, anorexia What are some causes or risks for hypervolemia? - ️️Heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis, excess IV fluid intake, excess Na ingestion What level of Na signals hyponatremia? - ️️Less than 135 -> Less than 115 is emergency! What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia? - ️️Hypertonic IV solutions Limit fluid intake Encourage food high in sodium What serum Na level signals hypernatremia? - ️️Greater than 145 What are some signs of hypernatremia? - ️️Thirst Red, dry, swollen tongue Muscle weakness A patient receiving Digoxin should be closely monitored for what electrolyte imbalance? - ️️hypokalemia What are some risk factors for hypocalcemia? - ️️Removal of parathyroid glands Decreased Vitamin D