SLP PRAXIS Review: Audiology Latest 2024 Rated A+

SLP PRAXIS Review: Audiology Latest 2024 Rated A+ auricle external portion of the ear, known as the pinna 2500 Hz resonant frequency of the ear canal cerumen ear wax; functions to lubricate and please the canal, protect the ear from fungi/bacteria/small insects tympanic membrane a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves. ossicular chain (ossicles) the three interconnected bones in the middle ear that conduct vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air. -Controlled by tensor veli palatini -more horizontal in infants malleus (hammer) a small bone in the middle ear that transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus. incus (anvil) a small bone in the middle ear that transmits and amplifies vibrations from the malleus to the stapes stapes (stirrup) a small bone in the middle ear that transmits and amplifies vibrations (by ~30dB) from the incus to the oval window tensor tympani the muscle attached to the malleus that dampens vibrations of the TM. -innervated by CN V stapedius the muscle attached to the state that dampens vibrations of the ossicular chain. -innervated by CN VII acoustic reflex a reflex that protects the ear from intense sounds, via contraction of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles oval window small opening in the temporal bone; membrane at the enterance to the cochlea through which the stapes transmit vibrations perilymph fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the inner ear vestibular system three semicircular canals that control equilibrium (movement, balance, body posture) cochlea a coiled, bony, endolymph-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses endolymph fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear basilar membrane membrane supporting the organ of Corti and hair cells in the cochlea. Receives sound movements from endolymph Organ of Corti Center part of the cochlea, containing hair cells (cilia), canals, and membranes which respond to sound vibrations Reissner's membrane A thin sheath of tissue separating the vestibular and middle canals in the cochlea. Transmits movements from perilymph to the endolymph. apex (of basilar membrane) Wider, thicker part of basilar membrane. Responds to low frequency sounds (20 Hz) base (of basilar membrane) Thinner/narrower/stiffer part of basilar membrane that responds to high frequency sounds. hair cells specialized auditory receptor neurons embedded in the basilar membrane that convert mechanical vibrations of basilar membrane to electrical impulses on CN VIII internal