Technologist in Molecular Biology, MB(ASCP) board exam prep 2024 with 100% Correct Answers

Technologist in Molecular Biology, MB(ASCP) board exam prep 2024 with 100% Correct Answers Pyrimidine - Answer ️️ -One carbon ring Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil What is the function of mRNA? - Answer ️️ -Carries genetic info out of nucleus Transcript translated to protein What is the function of tRNA? - Answer ️️ -Carries aa to ribosome Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand What is the function of rRNA? - Answer ️️ -part of ribosome structure most abundant RNA coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons Feedback inhibition - Answer ️️ -Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product Endonucleases (Prok) - Answer ️️ -Restriction enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic sequence Types I-V ORI sites - Answer ️️ -nt sequence where replication is initiated Topoisomerase I - Answer ️️ -Induces ss breaks Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis topoisomerase II - Answer ️️ -cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - Answer ️️ -Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs Helicase - Answer ️️ -Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - Answer ️️ -Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination Telomeres - Answer ️️ -Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation RNA polymerase - Answer ️️ -DNA dependent RNApol Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel) Splicesomes - Answer ️️ -Complex of snRNPs Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together Enhancers - Answer ️️ -Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a gene Reverse transcriptase - Answer ️️ -enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns) RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA) Open Reading Frame (ORF) - Answer ️️ -sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end with stop codons DNA: 5' --> 3' transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter) translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA Spectrophotometer - Answer ️️ -Measures amount of light absorbed Quantitative measurement of [DNA/RNA] At what wavelength does DNA and RNA absorb? - Answer ️️ -260 nm At what wavelength does protein absorb? - Answer ️️ -280 nm Organic isolation method - Answer ️️ -1. Lyse 2. Add phenol/ chloroform > vortex/spin 3. Transfer aqueous layer (top) to new tube 4. Add chloroform:IAA (removes phenol) > vor