NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 3 Quiz Review

Clinical manifestations of mild to moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia? Sideroblastic Aplastic Pernicious Iron deficiency Mild to moderate enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly) occurs. Occasionally, abnormal skin pigmentation (bronze colored) is seen. Heart rhythm disturbances, along with congestive heart failure, are major life-threatening complications related to cardiac iron overload. What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia? Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against hematopoietic stem cells. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) appear to be the main culprits. Pernicious anemia generally requires continued therapy lasting 6 to 8 weeks. the rest of one’s life. until the iron level is normal. 8 to 12 months. PA cannot be cured, so maintenance therapy is lifelong. Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of destruction of erythrocytes. neurologic involvement. a decreased erythrocyte count. As the disease progresses many of the symptoms are related to the increased blood cellularity and viscosity. The body compensates for anemia by capillary vasoconstriction. kidneys release more erythropoietin. hemoglobin holds on to oxygen more firmly. Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen. In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. the erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin. Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.