HESI A2 Biology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+

HESI A2 Biology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-23 How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-46 What helps the cell shape and cell to adapt? - CORRECT ANSWER-cytoskeleton What gives the cell the ability to move and proper? - CORRECT ANSWER-microtubules What is the main component of blood plasma? - CORRECT ANSWER-water What is the first step in metabolism of food to cellular energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-glycolysis What drives the cell/ pushes it forward? - CORRECT ANSWERpropulsion All humans have how many pairs of chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-23 pairs The plasma membrane is made of/ composed of what? - CORRECT ANSWER-lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates What organelle is responsible for packaging, processing, and shipping? - CORRECT ANSWER-Golgi Apparatus Plant cells have what organelle that functions as storage, waste disposal, and protection? - CORRECT ANSWER-vacuoles What is the site of cellular respiration? (eukaryotic cells) - CORRECT ANSWER-mitochondria What are plasma membranes mostly made of? - CORRECT ANSWER-lipids What is the magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER-10x What part of the microscope is the side going to be placed on? - CORRECT ANSWER-stage What holds the genetic code for each person? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA What is DNA made of? - CORRECT ANSWER-nucleotides What is the most important component of the cell, contributing to protection, communication, and the passage of substances into and out the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-The cellular membrane the plasma membrane is made of how many phospholipid layers? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 The mRNA strand is what DNA strand? - CORRECT ANSWERidentical except T is replaced with U How is oxygen transported through blood or body? - CORRECT ANSWER-circulatory system What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production? - CORRECT ANSWER-endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) What is the intake of food through the cell membrane creating food vacuole? - CORRECT ANSWER-phagocytosis The bird's body and function of wings? - CORRECT ANSWERhereditary What phase does replication take place in? - CORRECT ANSWER-S phase What are different versions of a gene? (variations) - CORRECT ANSWER-alleles is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells general energy during the process of aerobic respiration; it take place in the mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-The Krebs Cycle What kind of cells are in meiosis (sex cells) - CORRECT ANSWER-gametes What organelle pushes water out of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-vacuoles (contractile) What is an animal cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-eukaryotic Movement of ions and other molecular substances across cell membranes without the need of energy is - CORRECT ANSWERPassive transport What is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER-osmosis The expulsion or discharge of substances from the cell (removal)? - CORRECT ANSWER-exocytosis What does aerobic respiration require? - CORRECT ANSWERoxygen Which movement requires carrier protein but no direct cellular energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Facilitated transport Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER-Active transport Plasmolysis is a term describing? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution The movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Active transport Which particular structure is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell membrane Plant cells differ from animal cells in? - CORRECT ANSWER-The plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Prokaryotic cell Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes referred to as a "suicide bag" - CORRECT ANSWERLysosomes Pinocytosis is the process of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into the cell The plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Selectively permeable What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls? - CORRECT ANSWER-Microtubule and microfilaments Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chloroplast and mitochondria With which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitochondrion The plasma membrane is soluble to? - CORRECT ANSWERLipids The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anaerobic respiration The process whereby muscle cells produce lactic acid is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fermentation During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released? - CORRECT ANSWER-36ATP Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the? - CORRECT ANSWER-Thylakoids The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Stroma Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces? - CORRECT ANSWERMore energy Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chloroplast An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-An enzyme The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cytoplasm For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitochondrion Codominance occurs when? - CORRECT ANSWER-Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 diploid cells Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ? - CORRECT ANSWER-4 haploid cells If you reproduce sexually, you produce gametes via? - CORRECT ANSWER-Meiosis If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitosis What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dominant The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from? - CORRECT ANSWER-The father Cell division occurs most rapidly in? - CORRECT ANSWERCancerous tissue Which blood type would be a universal donor? - CORRECT ANSWER-OPassage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmosis Which term includes all others? - CORRECT ANSWER-Organism The Krebs cycle produces? - CORRECT ANSWER-CO2 and H2 The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity - CORRECT ANSWER-Water The basic structure of a cell membrane is a ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein-impregnated phospholipid bilayer Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lysosomes Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are? - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins The smallest known microorganisms are? - CORRECT ANSWERViruses The end product of protein metabolism is ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amino acids Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose The substance basic to life is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins The body obtains most of its nitrogen from? - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins The basic unit of living organisms is ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osmosis The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Photosynthesis A protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzyme The body's continual response to changes in the external and internal environment is called ? - CORRECT ANSWERHomeostasis The ability of a cell to reproduce is called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitosis The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleus Proteins are polymers of ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amino acids In cellular metabolism glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Does not require O2 Cellular proteins are synthesized in ? - CORRECT ANSWERRibosomes In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces two daughter cells is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cytokinesis Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Permeases The cellular organelle where respiratory reactions for the release of energy occurs is a? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitochondrion The most efficient cellular respiratory process, in terms of energyyield per molecule of glucose, is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aerobic respiration A cellular organelle found in typical plant cells but not in typical animal cells is the? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chloroplast Every cell contains? - CORRECT ANSWER-A cell membrane and cytoplasm The two organic substances present in chromosomes are? - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein and nucleic acid Genes may be defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Functional segments of chromosomes