CEN Latest Study Guide with Correct Answers 2024

CEN Latest Study Guide with Correct Answers 2024 Cardiac Output Correct Answer: amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute-normal cardiac output is 4-8 L per a minute Stroke Volume Correct Answer: The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contractions; normal is 50-100 mL/ contraction Preload Correct Answer: Amount of blood going into the heart. Right ventricle-assess JVD, Left ventricle- Assess lung sounds Afterload Correct Answer: The pressure the heart must eject against Which type of trope effects heart Rate Correct Answer: Chromotropes (SA node) and dromotropes (automaticity-speed of electricity enters through the heart) Which type of mechanism can affect preload and afterload Correct Answer: vasoconstrictors and vasodilators Which type of trop affects contractility Correct Answer: inotropes Bradycardia Correct Answer: 1. Ask if pt in stable or symptomatic (hypotensive, pulmonary congestion, dizzy, CP, SOB, weakness, fatigue, ALOC) 2. If bradycardic but are not symptomatic- continue to monitor 3. a. atropine (effects SA node, p wave) 1.0 mg every 3-5 minutes, no less than 0.5, don't use if have heart blocks or cardiac transplant b. consider epi or dopamine if atropine ineffective c. transcutaneous pacing Proper placing for transcutaneous pacing Correct Answer: 1. anterior and posterior 2. upper right or left below 3. 10 cm from pacemaker/ ICD 4. avoid medication patches 5. Place under large breast 6. turn on pacemaker and make sure it is sensing intrinsic rhythm 7. set rate-start intrinsic rate- start at 70 bpm 8. set electrical output-set to patient's capture-upside down QRS-10% above capture 9. Once capture is noted, check for pulse-not carotid 10. Provide pt sedation as needed Narrow Tachycardia Correct Answer: 1. Is pt stable or unstable 2. Is QRS narrowed or widened-if widened (means ventricular origin) 3. Stable Narrow-(sinus tachy, SVT, A. flutter, A. fib)- is rhythm regular or irregular- a. regular narrow- vagal maneuvers, adenosine 6mg then 12 mg. b. irregular narrow-tx like a fib., calcium channel blocker (-depine), betablocker,