Testbank for Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 8th

TEST BANK FOR Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice, 8th Edition TEST BANK FOR Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice, 8th Edition Chapter 1-14 Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. All public servants have the following characteristics except: a. paid from public purse b. special duties c. power to use force d. held to higher standard ANS: C REF: p. 4 OBJ: LO 2 2. Which of the following is not one of the ethical principles that govern public servants identified by the Josephson Institute? a. accountability b. democratic leadership c. public service d. incomplete judgment ANS: D REF: p.4 OBJ: LO 2 3. Those exempt from legal and moral culpability include all of the following except: a. the insane b. the young c. the poor d. one whose actions were coerced 4. 5. ANS: B REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 3 6. The discipline investigating the meaning of ethical systems and whether they are relative or are universal is known as: ANS: C REF: p. 12 OBJ: LO 4 Which of the following is not one of Braswell’s reasons to study ethics? a. develop critical thinking skills b. become aware and open to ethical issues c. develop wholesight d. improve public image ANS: D REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 1 & 2 The term refers to what is judged as good conduct. a. values b. morality c. honor d. goodness a. normative ethics b. applied ethics c. forensic ethics d. meta-ethics ANS: D REF: p. 6 OBJ: LO 3 7. ethics determine what people ought to do and defines moral duties based on ethical systems or other means of analysis. a. Applied b. Normative c. Professional d. Conventional ANS: B REF: p. 8 OBJ: LO 3 8. The application of ethical principles to specific issues such as social research or medical practice is called: a. meta-ethics b. normative ethics c. applied ethics d. practical ethics ANS: C REF: p. 8 OBJ: LO 3 9. While duties are what you must do in order to be good, are commendable but not required actions. a. functions b. superogatories c. imperfect duties d. obligations ANS: B REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 10. A good Samaritan who jumps into a river to save a drowning child, risking his or her own life to do so, has performed a(n): a. professional duty b. ethical duty c. superogatory action d. moral duty ANS: C REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 11. Superogatories have to do with: a. duties b. virtues c. laws d. meta-ethics ANS: A REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 12. Which of the following is not an example of an imperfect duty? a. a duty to be honest b. a duty to be generous c. a duty to take your life 13.13. 14.14. d. to save someone from drowning ANS: A REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 d. a duty to help the poor ANS: C REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 If honesty or physical fitness are important to you, these traits would be: a. Duties b. Values c. Morals d. Superogatories ANS: B REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 Which of the following is an example of an imperfect duty? a. to be generous b. to not engage in infidelity c. to not cheat on a test 15. Which of the following statements about values is false? a. An explicit value system is a part of every ethical system. b. Our behavior is influenced by our value system. c. Values cannot be empirically verified. d. The value of survival is particular to the U.S. ethical system. ANS: D REF: pp. 9-10 OBJ: LO 3 16. Which of the following would not be considered a moral judgment? a. Capital punishment is just. b. Abortion results in the deaths of fetuses. c. Rich people should give back to the community. d. People who are capable of work should not accept welfare... ANS: B REF: pp. 10-11 OBJ: LO 4 17. According to the text, behavioral decisions that can be judged under ethical standards involve four elements. Which of the following is one of these elements? a. the judge must be present in order to judge the act in question b. value systems are universal c. coerced actions may be judged d. behavior must stem from free will in order to be judged under ethical standards ANS: D REF: p. 11 OBJ: LO 4 18. We usually discuss moral or immoral behavior only in cases in which the behavior significantly: a. threatens nature b. affects others c. deviates from the norm d. corrupts the social order ANS: B REF: p. 13 OBJ: LO 4 19. Most behaviors that might be judged as ethical or unethical for criminal justice professionals fall into four major categories. Which of the following does not represents one of these four categories? a. theft b. malfeasance c. harassment d. marital infidelity ANS: D REF: pp. 14 OBJ: LO 2,4 20. The use of facts and objective reasoning to most effectively reach a decision or understand a problem is known as: a. qualitative analysis b. discretion c. ethical balance d. critical thinking ANS: D REF: p. 16 OBJ: LO 5 21. An applied ethics approach presumes that individuals generally prefer to do: a. what they are told to do. b. what is right. c. what is personally most beneficial. d. what is most convenient. ANS: B REF: p. 14 OBJ: LO 5 22. According to the text, broad social questions, often concerning the government’s social control mechanisms and the impact on those governed are called: a. social dilemmas b. moral dilemmas c. ethical issues d. public conundrum ANS: C REF: p. 14-15 OBJ: LO 5 23. Which of the following statements is not an example of an ethical issue? a. what sentences to attach to certain crimes b. decriminalization of soft drugs c. racial profiling d. filing charges against a particular minor ANS: D REF: p. 14-15 OBJ: LO 5 24. Which of the following is not an example of an ethical issue as described in the text? a. what laws to pass b. what sentences to attach to certain crimes c. whether to abolish the death penalty 25.25. 26.26. c. whether the state should abolish the death penalty d. whether you should use marijuana for medicinal purposes ANS: D REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 5 d. whether you should use marijuana for medicinal purposes ANS: D REF: p. 14-15 OBJ: LO 5 Which of the following best describes a situation in which one person must make a decision about what to do? a. ethical issues b. ethical dilemmas c. ethical ruse d. ethical crisis ANS: B REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 5 Which of the following statements represents an example of an ethical dilemma? a. what laws to pass b. what sentences to attach to certain crimes ANS: D REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 5 According to the text, the first step necessary to clarify any dilemma is: a. identify of potential values involved b. review all the facts c. identify all possible moral dilemmas d. interview all those involved ANS: B REF: p. 16 OBJ: LO 5 Which of the following is not one of the five steps necessary to clarify any dilemma presented in your text? a. identify of potential values involved b. review all the facts c. identify all possible moral dilemmas 27. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? a. racial profiling b. decriminalizing soft drugs c. the Patriot Act d. a judge reinstating a death sentence in a case 28.28. 29.29. d. seek the advice of moral or ethical judges ANS: D REF: p. 16-17 OBJ: LO 5 30. According to the text, the last step necessary to clarify any dilemma is: a. identify of potential values involved. b. review all the facts. c. identify all possible moral dilemmas. d. resolve the ethical dilemma by using some means of decision making. ANS: D REF: p. 17 OBJ: LO 5 CRITICAL THINKING Case 1.1 Larry’s house has caught fire, and he is trapped inside. The neighbors called 911. Two firefighters and one of the neighbors entered the house in an attempt to save Larry. Another neighbor tore away the screening around Larry’s porch so that his dog could run to safety. 1. The neighbor who entered the burning house was performing a: a. moral imperative b. superogatory action c. professional duty d. discretionary duty ANS: B REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 2. The neighbor who entered the burning house was frightened but had always valued the concept of heroism. Now faced with the opportunity, he chose to act heroically. In this example, heroism is an example of a(n): a. imperfect duty b. universal obligation c. personal obligation d. moral obligation ANS: A REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO 3 3. The neighbor who tore away the screening hesitated at first because he was of the belief that it was wrong to destroy another’s property. At the same time, he also was of the belief that he should rescue the dog. These conflicting beliefs constituted a(n): a. “contradiction of values.” b. superogatory. c. ethical dilemma. d. legal contradiction. ANS: C REF: p. 15 OBJ: LO 5 4. As opposed to the neighbor, the firefighters who attempted to save Larry were performing a(n): a. duty. b. discretionary act. c. imperfect duty. d. superogatory. ANS: A REF: p. 8-9 OBJ: LO 3 Case 1.2 John, a mentally handicapped adult, is charged with arson. Upon hearing the court-appointed psychologist’s report and reviewing the defendant’s documented history of mental illness, the judge dismissed the criminal charges.