WSET Level 2 Study Guide Questions WITH SOLUTIONS

Deductive reasoning 1. What is deductive reasoning? a. Conclusion has to be true given the evidence provided 2. What is modus ponens for conditional reasoning? a. If p then q. Give p. Accept q b. Acceptance rate ~95% 3. What is modus tollens? a. If p then q. Given not q. Accept not p. b. Acceptance rate ~60% 4. What is affirmation of the consequent? a. If p then q. Given Q. Accept P. WRONG b. Acceptance rate ~40% 5. What is denial of the antecedent? a. If p then q. Given not p. Accept not q. WRONG. b. Acceptance rate ~40% 6. What is permission schema? a. Interpretation of a conditional statement in which antecedent specifies when consequent is permitted 7. What form of inference allows for people to show high levels of reasoning? a. Modus ponens 8. What is the approach of a mental proof? a. Logical sentences a.i. Convert the problem to a set of sentences . Derive the conclusuion by applying rules 9. What is the representation of mental models? a. Construct a mental model for the problem b. Check to see whether the conclusion holds in the model 10. Identify benefits of proofs and models a. Proof: can easily account for inferences about infinite sets b. Models: the same basic idea can account for physical reasoning (atwood system) 11. Identify either as a mental model or mental proof. a. Some X are Y. All Y are Z. Some X are Z. a.i. Mental model b. If p then q. P therefore q b.i. Mental proof 12. What is Chater & Oaksford approach? a. Probabilistic is that you will choose two cards that are most likely to distinguish between these hypthotheses 13. Given the probabilistic approach what are the best choices if P and Q are rare a. P & Q (pot falls/clang) 14. Identify the functionality of the following parts of the brain: a. Posterior parietal: