Florida Law Enforcement Academy, Chapter 2 Legal, Unit 2, Legal Concepts (Lesson 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) Questions With Verified Answers 100%

Florida Law Enforcement Academy, Chapter 2 Legal, Unit 2, Legal Concepts (Lesson 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) Questions With Verified Answers 100% Totalitarian dictatorships - ANSWER People can be stopped at random, forced to produce identity cards, and searched, often simply because they disagree with the government. (This does not apply to the U.S. - Everyone within the U.S. borders is entitled to move about in public places, free from police interference as long as they obey the law). Mere suspicion, reasonable suspicion, probable cause, and proof beyond a reasonable doubt - ANSWER The four standards of legal justification that the law recognizes Consensual encounter - ANSWER Occurs when an office comes into voluntary contact with a citizen under circumstances in which a reasonable person would feel free to disregard the police and go about his or her business. Mere suspicion - ANSWER Sometimes described as a hunch or a gut feeling based on law enforcement training and knowledge. This does not grant any law enforcement authority. Detaining a person or searching him requires more than this. Investigative Stop - ANSWER Under the stop and frisk law, an officer can only make one of these stops if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person stopped was committing, is committing, or is about to commit a law violation. Reasonable suspicion - ANSWER The standard justification needed to support a legal Terry stop or investigative detention. An officer can articulate, or put into words, facts that support a suspicion that the person stopped may be involved in a law violation. May be established through a number of sources such as personal observation, information from fellow officers, information from third parties such as informants, and BOLOS. Plain touch/feel doctrine - ANSWER An officer who conducts a valid stop and frisk and in the process feels an item he or she readily recognizes as contraband, may seize that contraband. This rule allows the officer to seize the contraband even if it does not feel like a weapon. Does not permit any manipulation or groping of the object in an effort to identify as contraband. Pretext Stops - ANSWER The officer stops the vehicle due to an equipment violation but really wants to investigate other, more serious criminal activity. Whren V. U.S. - ANSWER Said that the courts are not required to consider an officer's motive for stopping a vehicle as long as the officer had an objective basis for the stop. Because of this, pretext stops do not violate the 4th amendment. Probable cause - ANSWER The standard justification to make an arrest of conduct a search. justifies greater invasion into a person's privacy, stricter than reasonable suspicion. A fair probability or reasonable grounds to believe that someone committed a crime based on the totality of circumstances. Totality of circumstances - ANSWER The difference between reasonable suspicion and probable cause is the amount and quality of information available to the officer concerning the commission of a crime by a particular suspect or that evidence of a crime is present in a place to be searched. In deciding whether the reasonable suspicion or probable cause standards have been met, courts review all factors known to the officer at the time of the incident. Commonly recognized sources for officer to rely on (Probable Cause) - ANSWER The fellow officer rule, a citizen informant, corroborated (verified) anonymous tips, reliable and credible confidential information, line-ups and show-ups. Any information an officer legally obtains may be used to establish probable cause. Photographic array - ANSWER (Officers must guard against any action-whethe