APA writing styles (Academic Writing) ANSWERS PEREGRINE ALL ANSWERS Spring-2023 LATEST SOLUTION 100% CORRECT GUARANTEED GRADE A+

APA writing styles (Academic Writing) ANSWERS PEREGRINE ALL ANSWERS Spring-2023 LATEST SOLUTION 100% CORRECT GUARANTEED GRADE A+ 1) What if anything, is incorrect with the font style used in this example text Answer=used Arial narrow font style (img. Of Literature- review…leadership) 2) What if anything, is incorrect with the line spacing used in this example text? Answer=there is an extra line after paragraphs; all text should simply be doublespaced. 3) There are no apa manuscript layout errors with this segment of the paper: true or false? Answer=false 4) What, if anything, is wrong with the reference section? Answer= all the above. (hanging indent, double-spaced, start on new page 5) Assuming that the options have been set correctly for this document, why isthere a green underline within each of these highlighted sections? Answer=there should be two spaces after the period at the end of the sentence and Word’s grammar/style check hasidentified this error. 6) What, if anything, is wrong relative to the format for these paragraphs? Answer=with double-spacing, there should be 0pt before and after additional line spacing 7) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: The delay in the ceremony’s commencement was caused by a sudden downpour on the front lawn. C Passive voice. Use the active voice for direct, concise writing. 8) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: I agree with your discussion post its a lot harder to fix human resource problems when they’re aren’t any systemsin place. A Incorrect grammar or punctuation. All academic writing must adhere to the rules of grammar,spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. 9) Identify the type of writing errorin the following sentence: The validation-seeking approach employed by many social media users can lead to the alienation of others in the social circle. B Zombie nouns. Turning active verbsinto awkward adjectives makesideas more abstract. 10) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: The resultsseem to indicate that there could be a minor shift in the way social media is used in organizations. C Hedging. Qualifierslend doubt to your writing. Strike extra words that do not contribute meaning. 11) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: The reduction in hostilities by the rebel forcesresulted in the ratification of a peace treaty by the government. B Zombie nouns. Turning active verbsinto awkward adjectives makesideas more abstract. 12) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: A rising awareness of the dichotomous nature of the current political paradigm shift manifests itself in a societal entropy that resists effortsto promote bilateral coalescence. A Lacks clarity. Using a pretentious tone confuses the audience; choose words that enlighten the reader. (Correct!This sentence is an example of academic narcissism. Good academic writing aims to explain, not impress.) 13) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: Statements on current events were read by the participants, and responses of agreement or disagreement were recorded. B Passive voice. Use the active voice for direct, concise writing. 14) Identify the type of writing errorin the following sentence: Many experts agree that cutting sugar from children’s diets improves their behavior control and cognitive ability. B Unsupported assertion. Opinion alone isinsufficient; include an appropriate reference to back up each argument. 15) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: The analysis partially explains the comparatively strong presence of first-generation college graduates in the relatively risky field of entrepreneurism. A Hedging. Qualifiers lend doubt to your writing. Strike extra words that do not contribute meaning. 16) Identify the type of writing error in the following sentence: It is widely acknowledged that Britain’s exit from the European Union will have a negative economic impact on citizens of the UK. B Unsupported assertion. Opinion alone isinsufficient; include an appropriate reference to back up each argument. Critical Thinking in Exploring a Research Problem 17) Which of the following should be accomplished by the introduction of a research paper? D The introduction should introduce the topic, state the research problem, propose a thesis, and point the reader toward the conclusion. 18) To establishthe importance of your research problem, which of the following does NOT contribute to its value as a subject for study? C A paragraph explaining your personal interest in the subject, and its relevance in your life. 19) Which section of a research paper unites all aspects of the research problem posed in the introduction, tying together the results of the study and with the findings from other literature in the field? D The conclusion. 20) The conclusion of a research paper should do allthe following EXCEPT: A Explain how the data was gathered. 21) Which of the following represents a logical order for the structure of a research paper? B Introduction, Methods, Results,Discussion. 22) Why should the definition of a research problem include summaries and critiques of existing studies? D To help the reader understand the limitations of current knowledge and the possible contribution of your research. 23) The methods section of a paper includes all the following EXCEPT: C An interpretation of the results from competing and concurring studies. 24) The results section of a paper includes allthe following EXCEPT: A A interpretation of the conclusionsfrom competing and concurring studies. 25) The discussion sectionof a paper will do allthe following EXCEPT: B Explain the procedure used to perform the study. 26) The introduction to a research paper should clearly define a specific research problem. Which of the following would NOT be included in an effective introduction? A One or more paragraphs explaining your personal interest in the subject. Different Documentation Styles and Who Uses Them 27) Which of the following is NOT one of the three main documentation styles used in academic writing? A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Association of American Universities (AAU) style D MLA (Modern Language Association) style 28) Which type of documentation style is most often used in the humanities or liberal arts? D A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Council of Science Editors (CSE) style D MLA (Modern Language Association)style 29) Which type of documentation style appliesto authors, editors, copyrighters, and publishers? B A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Council of Science Editors (CSE) style D MLA (Modern Language Association)style 30) What isthe documentation stylemost commonly used for academic writing in the fields of business, nursing, and social sciences? A A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Council of Science Editors (CSE) style D MLA (Modern Language Association)style 31) Which documentation style has lessrigid guidelinesfor citing sources, but includes a list of core elements for works cited? D A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Council of Science Editors (CSE) style D MLA (Modern Language Association)style 32) Which documentation style used in scientific journals has precise requirements for manuscript layout, headings, in-text citations, and reference lists? A A APA Style (American Psychological Association) B Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) C Council of Science Editors (CSE) style D MLA (Modern Language Association)style 33) What isthe name of the 1026-page style guide sometimes known as the "editors' bible"? B A The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association B The Chicago Manual of Style. C The Elements of Style D MLS Style Manual 34) What isthe purpose of ALL documentation styles? A To show that you are capable of reading guidelines and following rules. B To give a paper a professional look. C C To credit the original source of ideasthat contributed to your work. D To demonstrate knowledge of creating headers, footnotes, and hanging indentations. 35) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for a writer to cite original sources? D A To direct the reader to the original source and to be able to confirm the statement in context. B To avoid the risk of plagiarismor using others' ideas and presenting them as your own. C To give the reader a source of further information on the topic. D To add length to a paper with an extensive reference listor bibliography. 36) Which of the following is NOT a section for documenting sources in an academic paper? A A Index B Bibliography C Works Cited D References Avoiding Plagiarism 37) What is plagiarism? D A Plagiarismis using another's exact words to express an idea, even if the original source is credited. B Plagiarismis paraphrasing another's ideas, even if you document the original source. C Plagiarismis gathering information from a variety of sources and creating a new interpretation. D Plagiarism is the sin of stealing another's ideas and passing them off as your own, whether intentionally or unconsciously. 38) Which of the following is NOT a form of plagiarism? B A Combining correctly cited material with non-cited material in the same passage. B Using another's idea word for word, even if the original source is credited. C Copying another's words verbatim without additions or subtractions. D Copying the basic idea of another writer but making subtle changes to the wording. Correct! Changing the wording is paraphrasing, and stillrequires a citation to credit the idea. 39) Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of a direct quotation in academic writing? C A A direct quotation should be contained in quotation marks or indented, to designate it as a quotation. B The source of the quotation must always be identified. C Citation is not required if you change the wording of a direct quotation but keep the idea. D A direct quotation can be referenced via in-text citation, footnote, or endnote, depending on documentation style. 40) Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of a paraphrased idea in academic writing? A A You can change the wording or paraphrase another author's idea to make it your own, which then does not require citation. B Paraphrasing another author's work requires citation. C A paraphrased idea should support your argument, but not be mistaken for your work. D In using paraphrased material, you should not only credit the original source, but also build upon its ideas. B 41) What is one technique to avoid committing plagiarismin your paper? A Copy and paste passages directly into your paper. B Take notes while doing research, putting the ideasinto your own words. C Write your paper while reviewing the original source. D Use the Find-Replace function to make word changes in a copied text. 42) Documentation styles differ in requirements for citing a direct quotation or paraphrased idea, but all styles do this: D A Include the year of publication in an in-text citation. B Provide a footnote with bibliographic information for the cited material. C Give the page number for either a direct quotation or paraphrased content. D Provide sufficient information for the reader to find and consult the original source. 43) One way to avoid plagiarism is by taking notes on individual note cards. All of the following are advantages to this technique EXCEPT: D A Having separate note cards for each main idea lets you shuffle them around and structure your paper. B Taking handwritten notes lends itself to paraphrasing and summarizing, which help avoid plagiarism. C Keeping separate notes for each idea with a reference to the source makes it easier to go back and verify the information. D Taking handwritten notes is quicker and more efficient than using a word processing program. 44) All of the following are forms of plagiarism (intentional or inadvertent), EXCEPT: C A Paraphrasing another author's work and incorporating it into your argument, without citation. B Combining original and copied content from various sources without attribution. C Using another's idea word-for-word, even with proper citation. D Copying ideas and content from one's own earlier works. 45) Full bibliographic information for a source can be provided in any of the following, EXCEPT: A A The index. B The works cited page. C The references page. D A footnote or endnote. 46) All of the following are appropriate uses of another author's paraphrased idea, EXCEPT: B A To support your argument, and to build upon what has already been written. B To be able to use the idea as your own by changing the wording. C To clarify the content in another's work by re-wording the statement. D To summarize what others have written about your subject and put your writing in context. Discussion Posts 47) A discussion board serves many purposes in a classroom. Which of the following is NOTan intended purpose of the discussion board? C A To collaborate with your fellow students and create dialogue. B To add relevant information to the lessons learned in class. C To share personal stories and social media links. D To invite further discussion on topics explored in class. 48) An ideal discussion board post will include three elements. Which of the following is NOTa key element for a discussion post? A A Introductory small talk, to create a friendly mood. B Your thought on the discussion topic. C References that support your thought or opinion. D Additional questions or areas for discussion. 49) A classmate or instructor responds to your discussion board post or asks a question. Must you always reply? B A You should reply if you have additional information to add. B You should always reply to someone who has taken the time to comment on your post. C You need to reply if there is ample time before the discussion board closes. D You need to reply if no one else joins the thread. 50) When responding to a classmate's discussion board post, all of the following are key requirements EXCEPT: B A Contributing new information to the discussion. B Voicing support for the classmate's position. C Maintaining a professional tone, even when disagreeing. D Proofreading your post for spelling and grammar errors. 51) Which of the following should you NOTuse when drafting a discussion board post? A A Examples of common knowledge, even if unsupported. B References to areas in the lesson or textbook that answer the question. C Your personal thoughts and experiences. D References to scholarly sources that support your position. 52)Consider this example of discussion board instructions with an initial post. What, if anything, is wrong with the student's post? C (a control chart…) A There are no notable errors in this initial post. B The post does not address the issues raised in the instructions. C The post is not supported with scholarly sources. D The student did not use a professional tone in drafting the post. 53)Consider this example of a discussion board response post. What, if anything, is wrong with the student's reply? D (An exampleof using a control chart...) A The reply does not create discussion between classmates. B The reply contains errors in spelling and grammar use. C There are no notable errors in this reply. D The reply does not contribute any new information and is not supported by references or links to sources. 54)Consider this example of discussion board instructions with an initial post. What, if anything, is wrong with the student's post? B (Quality control in lead mining…) A The information provided is not thorough. B The post contains errors in spelling and grammar use. C The post is not supported with scholarly sources. D There are no notable errors in this initial post. 55)Consider this example of a discussion board response post. What, if anything, is wrong with the student's reply? A (Response Post: You have such…) A There are no notable errors in this reply. B The reply contains errors in spelling and grammar use. C The reply does not contribute any new information and is not supported by references or links to sources. D The reply does not create discussion between classmates. 56)Consider this example of a discussion board response post. What, if anything, is wrong with the student's reply? D (Response Post: That is a very interesting…) A The reply does not contribute any new information. B The reply contains errors in spelling and grammar use. C The reply is not supported by references or links to sources. D The reply combines all these faults: lack of new information, failure to provide sources, and presence of spelling and grammar errors. Essays 57) There are four types of essays, known as modes of discourse. What is the acronym that names the types of essays? C A DINA B AMIE C EDNA D DORA 58) Essay writing relies on which of the following? B A Thorough research of the topic. B Personal knowledge and reflection. C Collaboration with peers. D Data and results from the study. 59) Which type of essay is meant to explain something, and includes a thesis statement, a supporting argument, and a conclusion. A A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 60) Which type of essay uses words to create an emotionally accurate picture of a person, place, object, or experience? B A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 61) Which type of essay includes an introduction, characters, setting, plot, climax, and conclusion? C A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 62) Which type of essay shares traits with a research paper, and includes a conclusion that reviews the thesis in light of the evidence? D A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 63) A "how-to" article would be an example of what type of essay? A A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 64) Research and outlining are elements of which of the four types of essays? D A Expository B Descriptive C Narrative D Argumentative 65) An argumentative essay should: A A Consider what has already been written on the subject. B Never exceed a 5-paragraph limit. C Have a narrow focus, and not explore other's writings on the topic. D Be spontaneous and rely only on the writer's personal knowledge. 66) Which characteristics should define all types of essays? B A Loosely organized, informal storytelling. B Concise, well-planned, with clear purpose and direction. C Well-researched and supported by scholarly articles. D Comprehensive, encompassing several aspects of the topic. Case Studies 67) In writing a case study, which of the following is NOT considered an error? B A Overgeneralizing your conclusions, and assuming they apply universally to all cases. B Choosing only a single unit to study and generalizing across a larger set of units. C Under-analyzing the observations and drawing only one conclusion. D Failing to describe the scope and limitations of your study. 68) What is the defining characteristic of a case study? A A It provides depth of information rather than breadth, giving extensive detail about a single unit or small number of units. B It provides breadth of knowledge, giving an overview of many similar cases. C It is most useful in studies where the phenomenon of interest is widespread, and many cases exist. D It describes a particular case, but does not apply broadly to a larger solution. 69) A well-chosen case for a case study will do all the following EXCEPT: D A Lead to resolution of a problem, or incite further research. B Challenge common assumptions. C Provide new perspectives to understand a research problem. D Represent what is commonly known about the phenomenon of interest. 70) To write a case study, one must first conduct a literature review. Which of the following is NOTa main purpose of the literature review? A A To find similar studies, and ensure that your case study confirms them. B To put your case into context with what else has been written. C To understand what areas have been neglected in prior research. D To identify conflicts in the current literature that your case may resolve. 71) In which part of a case study will you describe your findings in relation to other studies in the field, and include your study's limitations? C A Introduction and thesis statement B Method C Discussion D Conclusion 72) The limited scope of a case study, which focuses on a single unit or small number of units for study, B A Makes case studies an inappropriate tool for generalizing across other cases. B Gives case studies the advantage of providing rich details of a case and all its contributing factors. C Allows the writer to focus on a single case, without expending resources studying other cases in the field. D Leads to an accurate description of a single case but does not propose solution for other cases. 73) When writing a case study, which step contributes to the background, understanding, and interpretation of your observations in relation to other studies? D A Field research B Scientific investigation C Analysis of observations D Literature review 74) What is a case study good for? A A It highlights a subject, event, or phenomenon to promote clearer understanding of a particular research problem. B It documents the history of a specific, unique subject area. C It provides a cross-section of knowledge regarding several like cases. D It is a useful tool for studies in the natural sciences, which can be repeated in multiple trials. 75) In what type of research is the case study method most appropriate? A A A case study is best used in the social sciences, in instances where few cases represent the phenomenon of interest. B The case study is a useful tool for studies in the natural sciences, in which the experiment can be repeated in multiple trials. C Case studies are useful in the humanities, to uncover greater detail in an artist's work. D The case study method is useful to study regular, recurring phenomena in business. 76) Which of the following subjects would be best suited to the case study method of investigation? B A Methods of using wave energy converters for electric power. B Effects of the end of the British Empire in West Africa. C The effects of regular exercise in mitigating Alzheimer's disease. D Statistical analyses of quality control methods. Research Papers 77) Imagine you are taking a course that lists a research paper as its final assignment. What is the first step to take? C A Wait until you are farther along in the course, to see what the focus of the course is, before you begin work on the research paper. B Dive into it! Begin writing the paper as soon as you can. C Brainstorm all possible topics for your paper, coming up with as many ideas as possible. D Start work on your research papers in the last week or two of a class. 78) When considering topics for a research paper, which of the following would NOTbe considered preliminary research? D A A Google search to see what is available online regarding the topic. B Consulting a library catalogue to see publications available on the topic. C Skimming current periodicals to see if the topic has been recently featured. D Conducting a thorough review of scholarly articles regarding each possible subject. 79) Writing for the intended audience is an important part of writing a research paper. Which of the following questions is NOT one that should influence your writing style? A A Is the paper appropriately geared toward experts in the field? B Why is the audience reading this paper, and what do they hope to learn? C What counter-arguments might the reader have, and how can I address them? D Who is likely to read this paper? 80) Which is the best method for drafting a research paper? B A Just start writing! The paper will develop toward a conclusion on its own as you add information. B Create an outline, structuring the paper from thesis statement to conclusion, then fill in the blanks with source-based arguments. C Begin writing your paper as soon as you start conducting research. Add more information as your study progresses. D Wait to write the paper until the assignment is due, so that you have all the information available and do not neglect important content. 81) Which of the following would NOTbe included in your outline for a research paper? A A A section explaining why the topic is personally important to you. B A section discussing your research methods, noting what you hope to add to the field. C A section presenting your findings. D A section discussing current theories in the topic area, and how they support or disagree with your findings. 82) The conclusion of a research paper should do which of the following? D A Present a comprehensive summary of others' findings in the topic area. B List all your findings from the research. C Restate the introduction. D Show the contribution the research had made, how it answered the thesis statement, and what remains to be studied in the topic area. 83) The discussion section of a research problem should do all the following EXCEPT: C A Present current approaches to the study of the subject area. B Discuss theories that disagree with your conclusion. C Disregard prior studies that contradict your conclusion. D Explain existing theories that reinforce your conclusion. 84) In writing a research paper, which of the following would NOTbelong in the introduction? B A An explanation of why the topic is important, using a real-world example and showing what is missing from current approaches to the problem. B A list of your key findings from your research. C An overview of what is currently known about the topic, including any controversies in the field. D A thesis statement, explaining the problem you intend to solve with the research. 85) When writing a research paper, each paragraph should do all the following EXCEPT: A A Relay emotion and personal opinions on the topic. B Contribute to the argument as a whole. C Provide a documented source to support the main statement. D Stay on point and guide the reader toward the conclusion. 86) When revising a draft of a research paper, which should you NOTdo? D A Look for statements that raise new questions and develop those ideas. B Make sure that transitions from one paragraph to the next are logical and follow a clear path from introduction to conclusion. C Delete any redundancies or areas that do not add to your main argument. D Cut out any references to studies that contradict your conclusion. Theses & Dissertations 87) Graduate students face challenging academic writing requirements. Which of the following does NOTdescribe a thesis? C A A comprehensive paper required to graduate with a master's degree. B A compilation of a student's research showing thorough knowledge of a field of study. C A concise overview of current literature on a specific topic. D A lengthy research document, generally ranging from 80 to 120 pages. 88) Graduate students face challenging academic writing requirements. Which of the following does NOTdescribe a dissertation? A A A brief statement of a hypothesis or conjecture which will form the subject of a research paper. B A lengthy argument in defense of a particular hypothesis, generally ranging from 125 to 250 pages. C An opportunity for a graduate student to contribute new knowledge, theory, or practice to a field. D A comprehensive paper required to graduate with a doctoral degree. 89)What are the two most important adjectives that describe a doctoral dissertation? A A Original and Substantial B Clear and Concise C Descriptive and Entertaining D Accessible and Applicable 90) What is the average page requirement for a master's thesis? C A 5-10 pages B 20-40 pages C 80-120 pages D 125-250 pages 91) What is the average page requirement for a doctoral dissertation? D A 25-50 pages B 50-75 pages C 80-120 pages D 125-250 pages. 92) A dissertation includes all of the following components EXCEPT: B A A signature page. B A glossary. C An abstract. D A table of contents. 93) The body of a dissertation must include all of the following EXCEPT: D A An introduction with a statement of the problem. B A review of existing literature. C A conclusion, with suggestions for further research. D A self-critique, showing possible holes in one's research. 94) The components of a master's thesis include all of the following EXCEPT: C A A cover or title page. B A table of contents. C A glossary of terms. D A list of tables, figures, and illustrations. 95) A master's thesis must include all of the following EXCEPT: D A An introduction that includes the thesis statement. B A literature review. C A list of references or bibliography. D A list of other topics in the subject area that merit study. 96) What is the key difference that separates a thesis or dissertation from other forms of academic writing, such as essays or research papers? B A The requirements for proper grammar, spelling, and word choice are more stringent for theses and dissertations. B Essays and research papers are often studies of others' work; a thesis or dissertation is written about the student's own work or study. C Undergraduate research papers do not require the student to gather, analyze, and comment upon data. D A thesis or dissertation should only reference other expert's work, whereas an undergraduate paper allows for more personal opinion. Literature Sources / Choosing Resources 97) When conducting academic research, what kind of material can be found in databases such as DOAJ, InfoTrac, and JSTOR? A A Peer reviewed journals. B Newspapers and popular magazines. C Trade books. D Popular blogs and podcasts. 98) Which of the following is NOTa source of scholarly articles and professional research? B A LexisNexis B Wikipedia C DOAJ: Directory of OpenAccess Journals D InfoTrac 99) How can popular periodicals such as magazines be used for academic research? D A If properly cited, any periodical is a credible source for academic research. B Popular magazines from established publishing houses are credible sources of information for academic research. C Popular periodicals have no place in academic writing. D Popular periodicals can add context to a topic but should be supported with scholarly sources. 100) Imagine you are conducting research and find only one relevant journal article. What is the simplest way to find additional resources for your topic? D A Meet with your professor to ask for recommendations. B Perform a search to see what else that author may have written. C Google the topic to try to locate experts in the field. D Check the bibliography and use that list of references. 101) To decide if a source is credible, you should ask all the following questions EXCEPT: A A Does the author have a current presence in popular social media outlets? B Is the author's education in the subject area they are writing about? C Has the author written other books or articles on the topic? D Is the topic of the article within the author's field of expertise? 102) When using online material for research, you should look for information on the website to support the article's credibility. Which of the following is NOT relevant regarding credibility? A A The number of followers or commenters on the website. B The author's educational background or experience. C Any other publications by the author or the organization. D Any references to original source material 103) What does it mean for an article to be peer-reviewed? C A The author worked in collaboration with peers while conducting the study. B The study is published in a journal with a wide circulation. C The study has passed review of experts in the field prior to publication. D The study is presented on an online forum for comments and criticism by experts in the field. 104) Which of the following is NOTa characteristic of a good reference list or bibliography? D A Shows the author has done his work and considered more than one perspective. B Provides additional resources to consult for further investigation. C Gives full bibliographic information to support any cited information. D Includes any potential sources of information on the subject, whether the author used them in the research or not. 105) Which of the following authors would NOTbe considered a credible source for academic research? A A A journalist on a popular news site. B A doctoral student publishing a scientific study in an academic journal. C A Supreme Court Justice writing a court decision. D An anthropologist publishing the results of a study in a peer-reviewed journal. 106) What is the best source for the latest research in a field of study? D A Popular books. B Newspapers and popular magazines. C Reference books and/or textbooks. D Peer-reviewed journals in scholarly databases. Using Websites 107) When conducting internet research, which of the following domain extensions will provide the least credible resources? B A .org B .com C .edu D .gov 108) When conducting internet research, how can you be sure the information is current? D A Peform new searches every week to see when new information is released. B Online articles always include their date of publication. C Do not rely on web content for current information; always consult periodicals and databases. D Target a specific date range in an advanced search. 109) When conducting internet research, how can you uncover any potential bias in the information presented? A A Review the "Mission" or "About Us" tab to learn more about the organization behind the website. B Check to see if the information confirms what is presented on other websites. C Compare the information you find to an online encyclopedia, to make sure it confirms popular views. D Commercial websites are not allowed to present biased information online. 110) When citing internet research, what elements should you establish to demonstrate a source is appropriate for academic writing? B A Its currency, popularity, and relevance. B Its credibility, currency, and objectivity. C Its thoroughness, professionalism, and consideration of historical context. D Its commercial bias, effect on the market, and advantages to the company. 111) The online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, is a popular source of content. Who can edit a Wikipedia article? D A Only professionals in the field. B Terminally degreed subject experts. C Any author who passes a peer review for content knowledge. D Anyone, including paid consultants, amateur fans, or high school students. 112) How should a student use Wikipedia for academic research? C A Wikipedia is a valid research source, as long as it is properly cited with the date the information was retrieved. B Never use Wikipedia; there is no accountability for the information provided. C Use Wikipedia for an initial overview but confirm any statements with the original source and cite the original author. D Cite the Wikipedia source as long as its information is confirmed by other websites. 113) Which of the following webpages is most likely to provide credible information on the topic of obesity in the United States? A (Correct! Government agency websites are considered credible research sources.) A - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services B - WebMD, a commerical site for health information C - Jenny Craig, a weight management company D - A news network that reports current cultural trends 114) Which of the following webpages is most likely to provide credible information on the topic of refugees fleeing Syria? C A - A syndicated news network B - A popular news magazine reporting current trends C - The United Nations Refugee Agency D - A conservative news site with right-leaning views on immigration 115) In order to establish the credibility of an online source, you should reference the article's title, its author, the date you accessed the site, and C. A any concurring articles you found from other sites. B any counterarguments you found on other sites. C the organization behind the website. D its links to other sites. 116) The three types of websites most commonly used for academic research are D. A .com, .net, and .org B .com, .gov, and .org C .net, .org, and .edu D .edu, .gov, and .org Using Journal Articles 117) What is the primary advantage of using a journal article for academic research? D A Journal articles are the most comprehensive source of information on a topic. B Academic journals are available at most bookstores. C Journal articles are easy to understand. D Journals offer expert content on a regular basis, ensuring information is credible and up-to-date. 118) Which section(s) of a journal article should you read first, to determine if it is a good source for your paper? D A The methods, to see how the study was conducted. B The results, to see if they support your research. C The discussion, for interpretation of the study. D The abstract and conclusion, to see if the study applies to your research problem. 119) Which part of a journal article represents a miniature version of the article? BA The conclusion. B The abstract. C The discussion. D The results. 120) Which part of a journal article is usually provided free of cost, and can help determine if it is worth it to purchase the whole article? B A The conclusion. B The abstract. C The discussion. D The results. 121) Which part of a journal article introduces the research topic in context of existing knowledge in the field? C A The results. B The conclusion. C The introduction. D The discussion. 122) What is the best source for current research in a field? DA Popular magazines B Trade books. C Academic books. D Academic journals. 123) Which of the following best describes an academic journal article? A A Journal articles can be intimidating for students who are not yet experts in the field. B Journal articles are quick, easy-to-read summaries of current studies. C Journal articles are readily available at newsstands or bookstores. D It can be difficult to determine the validity of a journal article. 124) Which of the following is NOTincluded in the abstract of a journal article? DA What the study was about. B How the study was conducted. C What the results were. D How the study compares to other research in the field. 125) All of the following are included in the methods section of a journal article, EXCEPT: C A How the subjects were selected or excluded. B Which variables were chosen for study C Whether or not the results confirm the hypothesis. D What measurements were used to gauge the results. 126) The discussion section of a journal article does all the following, EXCEPT: AA Summarize the methods used to select subjects and gather data. B Compare the results to those obtained in similar studies. C Discuss any surprising findings. D Show what the study adds to the knowledge in the field, and what questions remain. Using Books 127) How should a textbook be used for academic research? B A Textbooks are primary sources of information, and should be the main source of academic research. B A textbook should be seen as a general guide that gives background information, but is not an authoritative source. C Students can use textbooks to confirm findings in academic journals. D Textbooks contain the most recent knowledge in the field, and should form the backbone of student research. 128) What type of publication is a monograph? A A A monograph is an in-depth book on a single subject written by an expert in the field. B Amonograph is a collection of journal articles on a single subject. C Amonograph is an autobiography. D Amonograph is a hand-written book. 129) What is the intended audience for a trade book? B A Experts in a particular field. B General readership. C Members of a specific union or trade. D Book clubs or book exchanges. 130) To judge if a book is credible for research, which one of the following questions would NOT apply? D A Is the author an expert in the field? B Does the author use credible sources? C Has this author's work been cited by others? D Does the author have an established presence on social media? 131) Which of the following is an example of a secondary source for research? C A Witness accounts of an event. B Transcriptions of original speeches. C Contemporary analyses of historical events. D Autobiographies. 132) If using traditional, print books for academic research, which of the following is a noted disadvantage? A A Books don’t provide the latest information available. B Books can be difficult to locate and obtain. C Books are seen as old-fashioned relics, and have fallen out of favor for academic research. D Books are more difficult to read, mark, or copy than digital media. 133) What type of publication takes a scholarly article beyond the bounds of a journal, to become a book that serves as an authoritative guide on a subject? B A Textbook B Monograph C Trade book D Compilation 134) Trade books (or popular books) can be helpful for academic research. Which of the following is NOT a good use of trade books? C A Consulting its reference list for additional research sources. B Using it as a way to understand a new area of study in laymen's terms. C Using it as the foundation of your research. D Using it to supplement your reading of scholarly works. 135) Which of the following is an example of a primary source for research? CA A novel about the Underground Railroad set during the Civil War. B A study of the black women involved in the Civil Rights movement of the mid-20th Century. C A collection of speeches given by Martin Luther King, Jr. D A briefing on the educational effectiveness of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. 136) Which of the following would cause a reader to question a book's credibility or objectivity? D A The author has several publications available. B The author's work has been cited in several studies. C The author has relied on an extensive list of references for the study. D The publisher is affiliated with a company that stands to benefit commercially from the study. Using Other Material 137) When using alternative media such as podcasts or video lectures for research, it is important to establish credibility. Which of the following is NOT a question used to judge credibility? B A What are the speaker's credentials and experience? B Does the speaker have a strong presence in several social media outlets? C What institution is providing access to the information? D Has the speaker been cited by other experts in the field? 138) Which of the following is NOTa primary source of information? A A A news broadcast on election results. B Recordings of a speech. C Original works of art. D Archived correspondence. 139) All of the following are ethical questions to consider when creating audiovisual resources in the social sciences, EXCEPT: D A Does the video include minors whose anonymity should be protected? B Would video surveillance have a negative impact on the person being filmed? C Does the video expose any confidential information? D Does the video confirm what is already known in the field? 140) Participatory video is an approach in which the subjects themselves film some aspect of their lives for further study. Why is this technique useful? B A It is easier to allow subjects to film themselves than to use an outside film crew. B It allows outsiders a glimpse into a community that may be inaccessible due to religious or cultural concerns. C Self-directed video results in a structured, logical film. D It provides both an internal and external view of a specific community. 141) In conducting research using both academic journals and online content, what is one benefit that the two types of media share? A A Their timeliness; both offer current content. B Their credibility through peer review. C Their accessibility, with free content available anywhere in the world. D Their reliability, with verified information from experts in the field. 142) Imagine you are referencing an online TED Talk for your research. What kind of information should you look for in the speaker's bio to establish credibility? C A The speaker's ties to the industry concerned. B Information on the speaker's personal life and engagement in the subject area. C The speaker's professional experience, publications, and peer support. D The speaker's experience in motivational speaking. 143) All of the following are examples of secondary sources of audiovisual information, EXCEPT one. Which one would be considered a primary source? A A A documentary. B A blog entry. C A podcast. D A YouTube video. 144) Which of the following is NOTa primary source of information? CA A published court opinion. B A statutory law. C A network news broadcast of a Supreme Court ruling. D A transcript of a legal hearing. 145) Imagine you are writing a paper on the battle of Gettysburg. Which of the following is a secondary source of information? C A Maps of the campaign from a museum's archives. B Diary entries from a witness to the battle. C A comprehensive history of the battle written by a prominent Civil War scholar. D A published account of the battle from a soldier on the field. 146) Online videos, blogs, and podcasts can provide current information to support academic research, provided the writer establishes: B A the speaker's commercial involvement in the industry concerned. B the expertise and objectivity of the source material. C the speaker's political clout in the area concerned. D the popular support for the presented platform. Writing the Paper / Manuscript Layout 147) Name a tool that a student can use to design an outline for a paper to cover all required content. C A The syllabus. B The online library. C The rubric. D The student handbook. 148) Why should a student use the assignment's rubric to outline a research paper? A A The rubric provides logical headings for a paper, and makes sure no key area is neglected. B The rubric provides all the answers to the assignment, so it saves work. C The rubric ensures that all the students' papers will be roughly the same. D Rubrics should not be used to outline a paper; they are provided for the professor's convenience in grading an assignment. 149) One way to check the layout of your paper is by re-reading the draft and highlighting the key idea in each paragraph. Those key ideas should do all the following EXCEPT: D A Reflect the bullet points in your outline. B Flow smoothly from one idea to the next with logical transitions. C Each shed light on the argument with no notable digressions. D Represent new and original ideas not included in the rubric. 150) Which is the best method of designing the layout of an academic paper? B A Just begin writing! Your ideas will evolve and naturally develop into a conclusion. B Write the introduction and conclusion, then create an outline of key points to take the reader from one to the other. C Make a bullet-point list of key concepts and cover each area individually. D Write the introduction without pointing the reader toward any set conclusion, and lead the reader through several possibilities. 151) Considering its purpose, select the best example of proper manuscript layout for a research paper. A (Correct! This outline fits the purpose and design of an academic research paper.) A B C 152) Considering its purpose, select the best example of proper manuscript layout for a narrative essay. C (Correct! This outline provides structure to introduce and tell a story.) A B C 153) Considering its purpose, select the best example of proper manuscript layout for an argumentative essay. A (Correct! This outline gives structure to argue a particular thesis statement.) A B C 154) The assignment rubric contains valuable information to successfully complete an assignment. Which of the following will NOTbe in the rubric? D A The expected documentation style. B The elements to be included in the argument. C The number of pages or words required. D The sources to consult to research the problem. 155) How can you be sure a paper you wrote meets all the assignment guidelines? B A Read your paper to a friend, to make sure it is logical and clear. B Highlight the main sentence in each paragraph, and match it to a point in the rubric. C Take advantage of the school’s writing center to get assistance in drafting your paper. D Use your word processing program’s style templates and word count functions to make sure you comply with formatting requirements. 156) All of the following are important considerations in evaluating a manuscript layout, EXCEPT: B A Does the paper fulfil its purpose, delivering the reader from introduction to conclusion? B Does the paper thoroughly convince a reader, leaving no room for other interpretations. C Do each of the paragraphs contribute to the idea, building upon the main argument. D Do the topic sentences reflect the main ideas, and flow smoothly from one paragraph to the next? 157) While researching the effects of graphic warnings on cigarettes, you come across a journal article titled “The impact of vulnerability to and severity of a health risk on processing and acceptance of fear-arousing communications.” In light of the section on writing style, what criticism could you make of this article? D A No criticism. This article is an example of clear, efficient academic writing. B Faulty sentence structure calls into question the author’s research. C The use of passive voice make the writing less forceful. D Imprecise language leaves the reader wondering exactly what the author is discussing. 158) Using the advice in the writing style section, choose the style mistake in the following sentence: “Mrs. Johnson expelled Lexi from the class because she was having a temper tantrum.” B A The use of passive voice make the writing less forceful. B The sentence structure is ambiguous; we don't know whether it was Mrs. Johnson or Lexi who had the temper tantrum. C Excessive wordiness. The writer should be more concise. D No error. The sentence is clear and specific. 159) Compare these two proposed cigarette warnings. What effect do the differences in style have? C (Correct!Imprecise languageis away to hide the actual meaning fromthe audience. ) A Warning A is more formal and traditional, but both warnings convey the same implicit and explicit meanings. B Warning B is less effective because it is written in the active voice and has a more threatening tone. C Warning A is less precise, and downplays the actual risk. Warning B is specific, and tells pregnant women exactly what smoking will do. 160) Compare these two sentences. What is the effect of the two different styles? A (Correct! The purpose of writing is to enlighten, not confuse the reader.) A The two sentences say the same thing, but Example B is preferable because it uses clear, specific language. B Example A is a better example of appropriate academic writing, as Example B is too simple and straightforward. C Example A conveys more information than Example B. 161) The Plain Writing Act of 2010 requires federal publications to be "clear, concise, and well-organized." All of the following are reasons for adopting the Plain Writing Act, EXCEPT: D A It provides citizens with accurate, easy-to-use information. B Plain writing allows the government to reach out and assist a wider audience. C The availability of clear, simple information reduces time and money spent addressing misunderstandings. D It ensures uniformity of style between government publications and other legal documents and business contracts. 162) Consider the report on quality control in a mine. What criticism can be made of the writing style of the paper? C (Correct! While the writer's meaning is clear, the errors detract fromthe message. ) A Excessive wordiness. The writer should use clear, plain language to convey his meaning. B Imprecise, vague language. C Sloppy grammar, spelling, and punctuation call the writer's credibility into question. D No criticism. This is an example of clear, academic writing. 163) Compare the two examples describing flu symptoms, and choose the applicable style mistake. A ( Correct! Using the active voice lends to more forcible writing) A Example A is more abstract due to the use of the passive voice; Example B is more vigorous. B Example A is a better example of clear writing; it is reminiscent of traditional drug warning disclaimers. C Example B uses faulty sentence structure, confusing the reader. D No criticism; these two examples express the same idea with no notable style errors. 164) Consider these two sentences. Which is a better example of writing style, and why? 1) She was disappointed when she received the bad news. 2) Tears streamed down her face after she opened the thin envelope containing the rejection notice. B A The first sentence is better, since it is less emotional. B The second sentence is better, since it uses specific language to paint a clear picture. C The first sentence is better; the second sentence is excessively wordy. D The first sentence is better, because the second contains faulty grammar and punctuation. 165) What type of writing style mistake is exemplified in the following sentence: "The fact that he had chosen a somewhat obscure field to pursue during his studies led to greater difficulty in procuring employment after graduation." B A Faulty sentence structure. The idea could have multiple interpretations. B Excessive wordiness. Several words could be cut, leaving the meaning intact. C Vague, imprecise language. D No error. The meaning is clear, and the writing concise. 166) What type of writing style mistake can you find in the following sentence: "The two sisters were reunited after 18 years at a checkout counter." A A Faulty sentence structure. The idea could have multiple interpretations. B Vague, imprecise language. C Passive voice weakens the sentence's impact. D No error. The sentence is clear and specific. Word Choices 167) A writer should make word choices that contribute to concise and effective writing. Which of the following describes the mistake of "hedging?" B A Hedging is trimming excess words to make a paper easier to read. B Hedging is the use of qualifiers that diminish the impact of the statement without quantifying anything; e.g. quite, almost, or somewhat. C Hedging is omitting a topic altogether to avoid controversy. D Hedging is paraphrasing another's ideas. 168) A writer's word choices impact the paper's clarity and effectiveness. Each of the following is generally accepted as good advice regarding word choice, EXCEPT: C A Omit needless words. Cut out any excess language that does not add meaning to a sentence. B Use the positive form of words; e.g. dissatisfied, instead of not happy. C Use sophisticated language in place of common words whenever possible. D Avoid hedging your statement with the use of adverbs such as almost, quite, or somewhat. 169) Any modifiers added to a paper should increase the reader's understanding, not just the sentence's length. Which of the following examples does NOT include a redundant modifier that could be cut? A A The bill was approved by a 75% majority. B The answers varied due to the participants' past experiences over the last 5 years. C The company's presentation included its future plans for corporate social responsibility. D More than 100 invited guests attended the annual gala. 170) Even words that are seen as synonyms have different nuances. Which of the following "synonyms" has the most positive connotation? D A Belligerent B Hostile C Antagonistic D Aggressive 171) Even words that are seen as synonyms have different nuances. Which of the following "synonyms" would more likely be used in a sympathetic context? A A Nonnative B Outsider C Foreigner D Alien 172) A writer's word choice affects how the reader perceives the subject. Which of these "synonyms" casts the most negative view? C A Assertive B Confident C Overbearing D Forceful 173) The following sentences express the same idea. Which is an example of more effective writing? B A The fact that John was not usually late made his absence today somewhat unexpected. B John's usual punctuality made today's absence surprising. 174) The following sentences express the same idea. Which is an example of more effective writing? A A Jane's unsatisfactory work performance lead to her dismissal. B The fact that Jane's performance at work was often not very reliable lead to her eventual dismissal. 175) Positive statements are more effective than negative ones. Instead of writing "not honest," a writer could use any of the following EXCEPT: C A Dishonest B Corrupt C Weak D Fraudulent 176) Positive statements are more effective than negative ones. A writer could replace "not attractive" with any of the following EXCEPT: A A Comely B Unattractive C Ugly D Unsightly 1) What, if anything, isincorrect with the subjects of these sentences as highlighted? Answer=these are examples of personifications and anthropomorphisms 2) What, if anything, is wrong within the highlighted section? Answer=wrong subject-verbagreement when reporting from a literature source 3) What, if anything, is wrong with the highlighted phrases? Answer=these are colloquial expressions that should be avoided withscholarly writing 4) What, if anything, is wrong with the highlighted word? Answer=it is an ambiguous pronoun and should be avoided be avoided because the antecedent islocated in another sentence. 5) Why isthere a green underline for the highlighted section? Answer=passive voice error 6) What, if anything, is wrong relative to paragraph writing style? Answer=the section includes a one-sentence paragraph 7) What, if any,style errors existwith this section? Answer=all of the above are style errors(use of, incorrect number, word choices,..) Grammar 1) Isthe verb tense correct with the word “data”? Answer=no 2) What, if anything, isincorrect with the highlighted phrases?(was conducted, are proffered, is proposed) Answer=passive voice is used instead of active voice 3) What, if anything, is wrong with the highlighted phrases? (employees that work within the manufacturing industry) Answer=both c and d 4) Is there a grammar error within the highlighted section? (18-25) Answer=yes 5) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "The students asked questions, and the teacher answers them." B A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Inconsistency in verb tense. C Incorrect subject/verb agreement. D No error. 6) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "After reading the book the students divided into discussion groups." C A Faulty subject/verb agreement. B Inconsistency in verb tense. C Introductory phrase lacks a comma. D No error. 7) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "Who doesn't think that pancakes with syrup sounds delicious?" A A Faulty subject/verb agreement. B Introductory phrase is missing a comma. C Inconsistency in verb tense. D No error. 8) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "Although my friend and I both followed the same exercise program, she lost more weight than me." B A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Misuse of pronoun. C Inconsistency in verb tense. D No error. 9) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "When asked what characteristics they admired in their teachers, the four most common student responses were: honesty, good listener, hard-working, and communication." D A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Inconsistency in verb tense. C Introductory phrase needs a comma. D Lack of uniformity in lists 10) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "The Ford GT is sleeker, faster, and more powerful.” B A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Incomplete comparison. Faster and more powerful than what? C Introductory phrase needs a comma. D No error. 11) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "A few weeks ago, my friend asked me to recommend hotels and restaurants in Tuscany, since I have visited Italy more than her." D A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Incomplete comparison. C Inconsistency in verb tense. D Misuse of pronoun. 12) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "Several lucrative careers, in the healthcare field, do not, however, require a medical degree." A A Too many commas are distracting and break the flow of the sentence. B Faulty subject/verb agreement. C Inconsistency in verb tense. D No error. 13) Identify the grammar error in the following sentence: "To complete the project on time the contractor had to hire extra workers." C A Faulty subject/verb agreement. B Inconsistency in verb tense. C Introductory phrase needs a comma. D No error. Appendix 14) In APA style, a separate title page is required for a research paper or an essay. T A TRUE B FALSE 15) Written assignments require a separate title page with the following information double-spaced and centered on the page: D A Title of the paper, student's first and last name, and date submitted. B Title of the paper, student's first and last name, course title, instructor's name, and date submitted C Title of the paper, student's first and last name, course title, and date submitted D Title of the paper, student's last name, course title, instructor's name, and date submitted 16) Which of the following statements indicates correct usage of a running head and header? C A The words "Running head" appear on every page, with the header and page number being listed in the right margin of the title page only. B The words "Running head" are no longer required, but the header and page number are listed in the left margin of every page. C The words "Running head" appear on the title page only, with the header being listed in the left margin and the page number being listed in the right margin of every page. D The words "Running head" appear on the title page only, with the header and page number being listed in the right margin of every page. 17) Abstracts, when used, should A. A be as brief as possible B follow the Table of Contents C add information discovered after the paper was written D be single spaced rather than double spaced 18) Typically, an abstract is how long? D A From 25 to 100 words. B From 1 to 2 pages. C From 500 to 900 words. D From 150 to 250 words. 19) The abstract should begin on a new page with the word "Abstract" in uppercase and lowercase, centered, at the top of the page, typed in block format as a single paragraph. T A TRUE B FALSE 20) A Table of Contents C. A is always required B precedes the abstract C D is never required 21) Tables and figures are listed in order by page number and are included in the Table of Contents. F A TRUE B 22)The appendix follows the D. A Abstract B Table of Contents C The manuscript's conclusion D Reference list 23) Each appendix should A. A be on a separate title sheet B be sorted using Roman numerals C not have a running header D be single-spaced 24) 24) Scholarly Writing and Word Choices 1) What, if anything, is missing fromthe sections assuming that the author found the information from a literature source? Answer=the first section should have an in-text citation 2) What, if anything, might be incorrect with the word choicesfor this sentence? Answer=use of inflammatory language, which creates bias 3) What, if anything, might be wrong with the highlighted word choice for this sentence? (today, is a key strength…) Answer=in scholarly writing, writersshould