USMLE/ ID microbiology question set and answers

USMLE/ ID microbiology question set and answers Generalized transduction differs most substantially from specialized transduction because? A: Generalized transducing particles are infectious B: Generalized transducing particles lack bacteriophage DNA C: Generalized transduction involves phage integration into the chromosome D: Specialized transduction incorporates random pieces of bacterial DNA E: Specialized transduction utilizes an oriV site for site-specific recombination - answerD: Specialized transduction incorporates random pieces of bacterial DNA he minimum biological requirement for resistance plasmid conjugation is that the R plasmid must encode? A: Insertion sequences B: Nicking/unwinding enzymes C: Sex (conjugation) pilus D: Site that can act as an oriT E: Transposons - answerD: Site that can act as an oriT Which of the following is correct regarding immune response to intracellular bacteria? a. NK cells are effective primarily through their production and induction of cytokines a-b. S typhimurium and F tularensis inhibit the formation of the phagolysosome c. neutrophils are more active than macrophages at phagocytosing IC bacteria d. pattern recognition molecules TLR and NLR have little role e. soluble mediators are effective at clearing granulomatous formations f. Th1 and Th2 cell responses are equally effective against intracellular bacteria - answerb. S typhimurium and F tularensis inhibit the formation of the phagolysosome Pyroptosis is a result of the following: a. extracellular bacteria triggering TLR activation of the inflammasome that recruits caspase 3, which activates pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-6 and causes this inflammatory form of cell death b. intracellular bacteria inhibition of phagolysosome formation c. cytotoxic storm activated by NK cells in response to extracellular bacteria d. intracellular bacteria triggering NLR activation of the inflammasome that recruits capsase 1, which activates pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 and causes this inflammatory cell death - answer-d. intracellular bacteria triggering NLR activation of the inflammasome that recruits capsase 1, which activates pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 and causes this inflammatory cell death For which of the following groups of organisms would you expect complement to play the MOST significant role in immune prot