VTNE Prep #5 Questions and Answers

VTNE Prep #5 Questions and Answers A 12-year old domestic short hair presents for difficulty defecating. This has become a chronic problem. You perform radiographs and the veterinarian diagnoses megacolon. The cat is de- obstipated and given IV fluids for the day. The cat is currently taking lactulose to help soften the stools. What other medication could be given to help the cat empty his colon? - Answer ️️ -- Cisapride is a pro-motility medication that can benefit cats with megacolon (Metoclopramide is also prokinetic, but acts mostly on the small intestine and not the colon) Which of the following medications blocks the chemoreceptor trigger zone to help reduce nausea and vomiting in small animals? - Answer ️️ --Metoclopramide (Reglan) -anti-emetic primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting in small animals -blocks the chemoreceptor trigger zone (The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ or CRTZ) is part of the medulla that communicates with the vomiting center to initiate vomiting) A tablet may have enteric coating to serve what purpose? - Answer ️️ --to protect the medication from being destroyed by the acids of the stomach so that more of the active drug can make it and be absorbed in the small intestine You need to perform a CBC and take thoracic radiographs on a somewhat fractious cat. You sedate the cat with an intramuscular injection of medetomidine. While on the X-ray table, you become concerned that the cat is not doing well, and the veterinarian asks you to reverse the effects of medetomidine (Dormitor). What should you give the cat? - Answer ️️ --Atipamezole (Antisedan): alpha-2 antagonist What is Naloxone used to reverse? - Answer ️️ --opioids What is Flumazenil used to reverse? - Answer ️️ --Benzodiazepines What drug would most likely cause a nephrotoxicity? - Answer ️️ --Gentamicin -Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, are known for their potential toxic effects to the kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and ear (ototoxicity). In some cases, these drugs may cause tubular necrosis of the proximal renal tubular cells, so caution and monitoring are important. A client calls and would like her dog's phenobarbital refilled. He is currently getting 1/4 grain every 12 hours. How many milligrams is in 1/4 grain? - Answer ️️ --1 grain is equal to 64.8 mg. Therefore, 1/4 of 64.8 mg is equal to 16.2 mg