INVESTIGATED VTNE PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

INVESTIGATED VTNE PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What toxicity is caused by ingestion of these items? (pennies) - CORRECT ANSWER -Zinc toxicity Any penny minted after 1982 contains a large amount of zinc, leading to zinc toxicity in animals even from just a single penny. Which of the following would you use to induce emesis in cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Xylazine The correct answer is xylazine. This is an alpha-2 agonist and produces emesis reliably in the cat. The medications Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine can both be used for which purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER -Appetite stimulation Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine are both commonly used as appetite stimulants in veterinary medicine. Dorzolamide ophthalmic drops may be used in treating what eye condition? - CORRECT ANSWER Glaucoma Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is a common eye drop used in the treatment of glaucoma (increased eye pressures). This drug helps to decrease aqueous production in the eye, thus lowering intraocular pressure. Which of the following best describes the therapeutic index of a drug? - CORRECT ANSWER -The ratio between the effective dose and the toxic dose The therapeutic index is a measure of a drug's safety margin. It is defined as the ratio between the effective dose (ED50) and the lethal dose (LD50) to a population. Lincosamides (such as lincomycin and clindamycin) are contraindicated for use in which species of animal? - CORRECT ANSWER -Equine Lincosamides are contraindicated in horses, ruminants, rodents, and rabbits. These drugs can cause severe gastrointestinal effects in these species and can even result in death. Which of the following medications is commonly found over-the-counter (OTC)? - CORRECT ANSWER Diphenhydramine The other name for diphenhydramine is Benadryl and can be found over-the-counter. Hydrocodone is commonly used as a cough suppressant in veterinary medicine and is a controlled substance requiring a prescription. Doxycycline (an antibiotic) and Pimobendan (a heart medication) are by prescription only. Which toxicity is not a common concern in cattle? - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron toxicity Iron toxicity is most common in newborn pigs. Aspergillus toxicosis is caused by moldy feed. Salt toxicity is caused by consumption of excessive salt and lack of adequate amounts of water. Lead toxicity is associated with seeding and harvesting activities when used oil and battery disposal from machinery is handled improperly.