Nurse Practitioner-Eye Disorders Questions Test.

Nurse Practitioner-Eye Disorders Questions Test. Presbyopia - ANSWER - common after age 40 - results in greater difficulty maintaining focus at a near distance - due to decreased flexibility of crystalline lens and weakening of ciliary muscles (which control lens focusing) Arcus senilis - ANSWER - cloudy appearance of cornea with gray/white arc or circle around limbus; does not affect vision - due to deposition of lipid material; underlying dx is hyperlipidemia Pterygium - ANSWER raised, wedge-shaped growth of thin, noncancerous tissue over conjunctiva Hordeolum ((stye)-causes and s/sx) - ANSWER - acute inflammation of eyelid (can affect upper or lower) - usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus - s/sx: abrupt onset, pain (key feature) and erythema of eyelid, localized and tender mass development in eyelid Hordeolum ((stye)-management) - ANSWER - management: warm compress, topical bacitracin or erythromycin ophthalmic ointment - refer to ophthlamologist if not resolved in ~2 days Chalazion (definition and s/sx) - ANSWER - beady nodule on eyelid (usually upper) - infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland - usually painless other than some tenderness (differentiate from hordeolum/stye) - s/sx: eyelid swelling and tenderness, light sensitivity, increased tearing Chalazion (management) - ANSWER - management: warm compress, refer for I&D - if very large, may cause astigmatism due to pressure on cornea Blepharitis (definition and s/sx) - ANSWER - Staphylococcus infection or seborrheic dermatitis of lid edge - s/sx: red, scaly, greasy flakes; thickened, crusted lid margins; burning; itching; tearing Blepharitis (management) - ANSWER - management: hot compresses, vigorously scrub and clean lashes, topical antibiotics (bacitracin or erythromycin) Conjunctivitis ((pink-eye)-definition and causes) - ANSWER - inflammation/infection of conjunctiva - most common eye disorder - results from allergies, chemical irritation, bacterial, viral, or gonococcal/chlamydial infections