ORN periop 101 Final Exam Review Solution

ORN periop 101 Final Exam Review Solution Phase 1 - ANSWER-Induction -IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider -starts with administration of anesthesia, lasts until surgical incision is made Phase 2 - ANSWER-Maintenance -medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized -begins with surgical incision until near completion of procedure Phase 3 - ANSWER-Emergence -At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up. -starts as patient begins to awakens, ends when pt exits OR Reversal agent for muscle relaxants - ANSWER--neostigmine or edrophonium -there is NO reversal for succinylcholine Sugammadex - ANSWER-Reversal agent for rocuronium and vecuronium and pancuronium Benzodiazepines - ANSWER-Flumazenil is the reversal for midazolam Reversal agent for narcotics - ANSWER-fentanyl can be reversed with naloxone Patients at risk for MH - ANSWER--older adults infants and children women -patients with lower-than-normal body weight Signs of MH - ANSWER-- triggered by inhalation of anesthetic gases and succinylcholine - increased end-tidal CO2 is the most significant sign of MH - skeletal muscle rigidity, ventricular dysrhythmia, skin mottling and hyperthermia NPO guidelines for clear liquids - ANSWER-stop 2 hours before surgery NPO guidelines for breast milk - ANSWER-stop 4 hours before surgery NPO guidelines for infant formula - ANSWER-6 hours before surgery NPO guidelines for light meal - ANSWER-=toast and a clear liquid stop 6 hours before surgery NPO guidelines for fried foods, fatty food and meats - ANSWER-stop 8 hours before surgery general anesthesia - ANSWER-- a drug induced reversible state of unconsciousness - results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree regional anesthesia - ANSWER-- an injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body - examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks Monitored anesthesia care - ANSWER-an anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required...