Periop 101 AORN Study Guides Advanced Review Solution

Periop 101 AORN Study Guides Advanced Review Solution Anesthesia Professionals - Anesthesiologists CRNAs Anesthesiologist's assistant (AA) Choice of Anesthetic - Factors include: Patient/surgeon preference Surgical procedure Physiological status Age Postoperative recovery time Length of surgery Position of patient Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia Types of Anesthesia: General - a drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness. Includes amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes Types of Anesthesia: Regional - An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers to cause reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body Types of Anesthesia: Local - infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body Types of Anesthesia: Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - when an anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed Types of Anesthesia: Moderate Sedation - administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or under supervision Phases of Anesthesia: Induction - Begins with the administration of anesthesia and lasts until the surgical incision is made Phases of Anesthesia: Maintenance - Begins with incision and lasts until near completion of the procedure Phases of Anesthesia: Emergence - Starts as a patient begins to awaken and ends upon exiting the operating room Airway maintenance - Not all patients need to be intubated. May use mask ventilation or laryngeal mask airway (LMA) which may improve comfort and faster recovery NPO Status - Clear liquids: 2 hrs before procedure Breast Milk: 4 hours Infant formula: 6 hours Light meal: 6 hours Large meal: 8 hours Role of RN during Anesthesia - Starting IVs Setting up monitoring equipment Double-checking blood Obtaining warming equipment Applying cricoid pressure Peripheral Nerve Block - IV regional block (Bier Block) can be used in hand, wrist, or forearm. A double tourniquet and local anesthetic are needed. Anesthetic lasts in the area until the tourniquet is deflated... CONTINUES....