Clep- Human Growth and Development | VERIFIED

Clep- Human Growth and Development | VERIFIED Controversial Issues regarding development - ANSWER Nature vs. Nurture Argument: Is human development influenced more by experiences (Nurture's position) or by the genetic endowment that is inherited from our biological parents(Nature's position) Nurture's Argument - ANSWER At birth the human mind is like a blank slate (tabula rasa) We are shaped by nurturing care and environmental influences that impact us. Nature's Argument - ANSWER Development is an unfolding process guided by preprogrammed genetic information. Development is seen as predictable, predetermined unfolding of inherited traits and abilities. Discontinuity or Stage Theories - ANSWER Agrue that development progresses through a series of stages. Each stage involves a specific task. One the stage is completed the child moves on to the next stage. Continuity Theories - ANSWER Suggest that development is best described as a steady growth process. Developmental change is described as occurring in small steps or increments. Child Development vs. Life Span - ANSWER Some theories of development argue that development is complete at the end of childhood. -Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget are examples of theorist who argue that development is complete one one has reached adolescences. Life Span theories of development argue that growth and change continue to occur throughout the entire life span. -Erick Erickson is a theorist who took a life span perspective. collectivist cultures - ANSWER Places greater value on the common good than individual achievement Individualistic cultures - ANSWER values individual achievements and the pursuit of individual goals ID - ANSWER occurs at birth, Pleasure principle; unconscious instincts; irrational; seeks instant gratification; contains the libido Ego - ANSWER Occurs around 6 months, reality principle; mediates id and reality; executive branch Superego - ANSWER occurs around 6 years old, morality principle, personal consciences, personal ideals ID - ANSWER is unconscious and has no contact with reality. It always seeks pleasure and avoids pain. Ego - ANSWER Deals with the demands of reality. It is the executive branch of personality becaus it makes rational decisions. However, it cant determine right from wrong. Superego - ANSWER Can determine is something is right or wrong because it IS our conscious. It does not consider reality, only rules of moral behavior Repression - ANSWER When unwanted thoughts are pushed down in the unconscious. Rationalization - ANSWER Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior. ex. reducing reducing guilty for cheating on your taxes by saying "everyone does it" Reaction Formation - ANSWER Behaving exactly the opposite of one's true feelings. ex. A mother who feels resentment towards a child may be overly cautious or protective.