AC-HPAT Prep study well done 2024

Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - answersProteins Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - answersAnaerobic Respiration Phagocytosis is a form of: - answersEndocytosis What is a pyruvate? - answersPyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways. What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic instructions? - answersRibosomes What is the structural and functional unit of life? - answersThe cell What is a prokaryotic cell? - answersA cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles What is a eukaryotic cell? - answersA cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles What is cellular respiration? - answersA catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient. What is anaerobic respiration? - answersA form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen. What is aerobic respiration? - answersForm of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy. Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - answersDiffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport. Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - answersBinary Fission What is binary fission? - answersA form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves. What is cytokinesis? - answersThe division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis. What is a haploid cell? - answersA cell that contains one set of chromosomes What is a diploid cell? - answersA cell that contains two sets of chromosomes What is chromatin? - answersThe substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA. What is a centriole? - answersa cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. What is a chromosome? - answersA structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein. What is DNA? - answersA double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity. What is RNA? - answersA single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into protein composition. What is a nucleotide? - answersA nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. What is transcription? - answersTranscription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand. What is translation? - answersTranslation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - answersEndocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell What is a chromotid? - answerseach of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA. What is an allele? - answersAn alternative version of a gene; one from each parent. What is a phenotype? - answersAn organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. What is a genotype? - answersAn organism's genetic makeup. When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one, all the F1 hybrids have pink flowers. This is an example of: - answersIncomplete dominance Traits that are alternatives to the wild type (for example, white eyes in a fruit fly as opposed to the usual red) are called: - answersMutant phenotypes