Water stress- demand exceeds renewable supply – exceeds 10% of its renewable water supply. Poor
quality can’t drink.
Water scarcity- an imbalance between demand and supply.- physical scarcity- insufcient water
supply and economic scarcity- may be there but cannot aford to access it. Eg. LEDCs can’t aford
water pumps.
Water insecurity- Present and future supplies cannot be guaranteed- have to consider economic,
political and environmental ways of reaching it.
Water gap- when some areas have a large amount of water sources and others have a limited
amount such as some LEDC countries have limited access to supplies. Some consuming more water
than others and so do not have enough water to supply the demand.
Evaluate the extent to which water insecurity is the result of physical or human cause. 20 marks
- Water insecurity- Present and future supplies cannot be guaranteed- have to consider
economic, political and environmental ways of reaching it.
- What are the human and physical and human causes?- there are a multitude of both human
and physical causes to water insecurity, the human causes being those factors which
humans afect and physical causes are the natural afects that humans have no impact on.
- Climate change is a natural process which is amplifed by humans, geology, urbanisation,
population growth, groundwater contamination, industrialisation, water shed boundaries
crossing borders.
- Geology case study- Mexico
- Aral sea- irrigation- government diverted water to irrigate the desert.
- The cause is primarily physical however amplifed by human activity.
- Pearl river delta is for groundwater contamination due to human activity and
industrialisation.
- Include water scarcity and stress and case studies.
- Human- population- consumption- urbanisation- industrialisation- agriculture- over
abstraction- contamination /pollution.
- Physical- climate change, recharging of water stores- inc temp- evaporation/ transpiration-
pollution water- warmer waters- pollution, sea levels, salt water intrusion.
- Case studies talking about where the two issues are intertwined.
- Conclusion sum up which has impacted water insecurity more? Don’t add anything new.
Consequence of water insecurity:
Price of water- should we use the terminology that water is a commodity? No it is an essential.
Determined by where the water supply is coming from, maintenance, demand, insufcient
structure, who supplies the water?
Water supply- Cochabamba- Bolivia, 1999-2000 80,000 in street batles- the company fled
Aguas del Tunari. (RESEARCH). Charging people so much for water that poor people couldn’t
aford it- privatised. Economic development- agriculture, industrialisation, pollution etc. bio
fuels- crops- water- crops are thirsty. 20% of fresh water withdrawal worldwide is for energy
production and industry.
quality can’t drink.
Water scarcity- an imbalance between demand and supply.- physical scarcity- insufcient water
supply and economic scarcity- may be there but cannot aford to access it. Eg. LEDCs can’t aford
water pumps.
Water insecurity- Present and future supplies cannot be guaranteed- have to consider economic,
political and environmental ways of reaching it.
Water gap- when some areas have a large amount of water sources and others have a limited
amount such as some LEDC countries have limited access to supplies. Some consuming more water
than others and so do not have enough water to supply the demand.
Evaluate the extent to which water insecurity is the result of physical or human cause. 20 marks
- Water insecurity- Present and future supplies cannot be guaranteed- have to consider
economic, political and environmental ways of reaching it.
- What are the human and physical and human causes?- there are a multitude of both human
and physical causes to water insecurity, the human causes being those factors which
humans afect and physical causes are the natural afects that humans have no impact on.
- Climate change is a natural process which is amplifed by humans, geology, urbanisation,
population growth, groundwater contamination, industrialisation, water shed boundaries
crossing borders.
- Geology case study- Mexico
- Aral sea- irrigation- government diverted water to irrigate the desert.
- The cause is primarily physical however amplifed by human activity.
- Pearl river delta is for groundwater contamination due to human activity and
industrialisation.
- Include water scarcity and stress and case studies.
- Human- population- consumption- urbanisation- industrialisation- agriculture- over
abstraction- contamination /pollution.
- Physical- climate change, recharging of water stores- inc temp- evaporation/ transpiration-
pollution water- warmer waters- pollution, sea levels, salt water intrusion.
- Case studies talking about where the two issues are intertwined.
- Conclusion sum up which has impacted water insecurity more? Don’t add anything new.
Consequence of water insecurity:
Price of water- should we use the terminology that water is a commodity? No it is an essential.
Determined by where the water supply is coming from, maintenance, demand, insufcient
structure, who supplies the water?
Water supply- Cochabamba- Bolivia, 1999-2000 80,000 in street batles- the company fled
Aguas del Tunari. (RESEARCH). Charging people so much for water that poor people couldn’t
aford it- privatised. Economic development- agriculture, industrialisation, pollution etc. bio
fuels- crops- water- crops are thirsty. 20% of fresh water withdrawal worldwide is for energy
production and industry.
