Adv. Pharmacology Final 6521 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Antipsychotic medications Correct Answer Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics. Block dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery. Acute and chronic psychosis, schizophrenia, manic phase of bipolar disorders, Tourette's syndrome, delusional and schizoaffective disorders, dementia. Conventional (typical) or atypical. Patient education: s/s of orthostatic hypotension - move slowly when standing up. Sedation - avoid hazardous activities such as driving until sedation wears off. Impaires libido and erection / ejaculation *avoid anticholinergic drugs, barbiturates, benzos and alcohol. First generation antipsychotics Correct Answer a group of medications originally developed to combat psychotic symptoms by reducing dopamine levels in the brain; also called conventional or typical antipsychotics Block receptors for dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine Ex. (low potency): Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine S/e orthostatic hyposension, long Q-T syndrome, high sedation (medium potency): loxapine, perhenazine, S/e moderate sedation (high potency):fluphenazine, haloperidol, pimozide, thiothoxene, frifluoperizine S/e movement problems Second generation antipsychotics Correct Answer drugs that alleviate schizophrenia with less likelihood of movement problems S/E: are associated with metabolic adverse effects (eg. Weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and increased risk of diabetes). As such they should be monitored for changes. Olanzapine and clozapine carry the greatest risk. Ex. Apripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone, Potency Correct Answer the size of the dose needed to elicit a given response Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Correct Answer A rare and sometimes fatal reaction to high-potency neuroleptic drugs. Symptoms include muscle rigidity, fever, and elevated white blood cell count. It is thought to result from dopamine blockage at the basal ganglia and hypothalamus. Treatment: support body through withdrawal.