APEA 3P EXAM PREP1 WOMEN HEALTH QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND EXPLANATION

APEA 3P EXAM PREP1 WOMEN HEALTH QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND EXPLANATION A 54-year-old female presents with a small to moderate amount of vaginal bleeding of recent onset. She has been postmenopausal for approximately 2 years. What diagnosis is least likely? Endometrial carcinoma Ovarian cancer Endometrial hyperplasia Uterine polyps B. Ovarian cancer may present as an adnexal mass, pelvic or abdominal symptoms and a variety of others. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is an uncommon presentation of ovarian cancer, but can present this way. In women with PMB, likely causes of uterine pathology should be evaluated before considering ovarian pathology. In early menopause, the most common etiology is atrophy of the endometrium or vaginal mucosa. This patient has been postmenopausal for approximately 2 years. Other common causes of PMB are polyps, fibroids, and endometrial hyperplasia. Three of the following interventions are appropriately used to prevent osteoporosis after menopause. Which one is NOT? Avoidance of corticosteroids Performance of weight-bearing activities for 40 mins at least 5 days/week Estrogen replacement therapy Adequate calcium & vitamin D intake C. Prevention of osteoporosis may be optimized by elimination of risk factors and engaging in interventions that maximize bone density. Good nutrition from infancy throughout adulthood is a major component of good bone health. Others include engaging in weight-bearing exercises, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol consumption to moderate amounts, and avoidance when possible of medications that may decrease bone density (corticosteroids, anticonvulsants). Osteoporosis occurs at accelerated rates in women who are post-menopausal. The lack of estrogen can produce rapid bone loss due to bone resorption. Estrogen replacement is not used to prevent or treat osteoporosis. A patient who is scheduled for pelvic exam with PAP smear should be advised to avoid douching, sexual intercourse, and tampon use before her exam. For how long should she be advised to avoid these activities for optimal evaluation? 24 hours 48 hours 36 hours 1 week B. The general recommendation is to avoid these activities and any vaginal medication for 48 hours prior to the PAP smear. Douching and tampon use can remove superficial cells, which are the ones collected and used as representative samples on PAP smear. Sexual intercourse should be avoided because there can be specimen contamination by the male partner. With vaginal medications or creams, either can serve as a barrier to epithelial cell sampling.