BIO 210 Chapter 1 Exam Guide Questions and Answers 2024

What is anatomy? study of structure What are the 3 divisions of anatomy? microscopic, gross and developmental What is physiology? study of function What are the 6 structural levels studied in physiology? molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology? principle of complementarity principle of complementarity structure relates to function (form follows function) Level where atoms combine to form molecules molecular Level where molecules combine to form cells cellular Level where cells combine with similar types of cells tissue Level where different tissues organize for same purpose organ Level where different organs work together closely organ system Level where many organ systems work together organismal 11 major organ systems in the human body integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive 5 survival needs provided by organ systems nutrients, water, oxygen, proper temperature, proper atmospheric pressure Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; helps regulate body temperature; location of cutaneous nerve receptors; production of vitamin D; prevents dehydration integumentary system Includes hair, nails and skin integumentary system Protects and supports body organs; provides muscles attachment for movement; site of blood cell formation; stores minerals; fat storage in long bones (adults) skeletal system Includes bone, cartilage and connective tissue (ligaments and tendons) skeletal system Produces movement; maintains posture; produces heat muscular system Includes skeletal muscle (voluntary muscles) muscular system Fast-acting control system; responds to internal & external change; activates muscles and glands nervous system Includes brain, spinal cord & peripheral nerves nervous system Secretes regulatory hormones for growth, reproduction & metabolism; slow control center endocrine system Includes pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pineal gland, ovaries/testes, hypothalamus, pancreas and thymus endocrine system Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste