Hondros 176 exam 1 1 With 100% Correct Answers 2023

Diabetes type 1 - juvenile diabetes insulin dependent body produces little or no insulin (Sudden onset, underweight) 3ps Diabetes type 2 - adult onset diabetes, non-insulin dependent, body produces insulin but no enough, is more common, can be controlled by diet. (Obesity) Diabetes Type 1 Treatment - Must take the right amount of insulin. Too much insulin will lead to hypoglycemia Tests for young diabetes - Random blood sugar Fasting blood sugar Urine test (ketones) Thyroid, kidney and cholesterol Hyperglycemia: 3 Ps - Polyphagia Polydipsia Polyuria S/S Hyperglycemia - - Blood glucose level >250 - thirst - hunger - blurry vision - poor wound healing S/S of hypoglycemia - Tremors/ seizures diaphoresis chills weakness confusion Nursing intervention for hypo/hyperglycemia - Check blood sugar hypoglycemia treatment - immediate ingestion of 15-20g quick acting carbohydrates; wait 15 minutes, repeat if needed Hypoglycemia in unconscious patient - Give glucagon IM or glucose under tongue Dietary teaching - Meals at same time everyday Decrease saturated fats Increase exercise Diabetic foot care - -Nailcare: Podiatrist, cut nail straight across. -Wear Clean Cotton Socks/Closed Shoes -Do not soak feet -No powder or lotion between toes polyphagia - excessive hunger polydipsia - excessive thirst polyuria - excessive urination Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Shortage of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and production of ketones Diabetic ketoacidosis (treatment) - Fluids, insulin, K+ primary prevention - Pt education Diet Exercise Risk factors for diabetes - overweight (type 2) poor diet (type 2) close relative with diabetes ethnicity Pregnancy Metformin (Glucophage) - Used with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar (type 2) Hold for 48hrs after diagnostic exam Metformin side effects - 1. Dizziness 2. Nausea 3. Vomiting 4.Diarrhea 5. Abdominal discomfort 6. Lactic acidosis Glucagon - Used to treat hypoglycemia Increases blood sugar Glucose gel - Used to raise blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Rapid Insulin - Novolog (aspart) Humalog (lispro) Can be used for insulin pump Rapid insulin onset - 15 - 30 mins Rapid insulin peak - 1 - 2 hours Rapid insulin duration - 3 - 4 hours Regular/short acting insulin - Humulin R Novolin R Only insulin that can be given IV Regular/short acting insulin onset - 30 mins - 1 hour Regular/short acting insulin peak - 2 hours Regular/short acting insulin duration - 3 - 6 hours Intermediate insulin - NPH 70/30