BIOD 151 EXAM 3 Latest Exam Review Solution 2024

BIOD 151 EXAM 3 Latest Exam Review Solution 2024 Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - ANS-Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods. - ANS-The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down effectively. Food enters the stomach from the __________ via the _________ sphincter. Food exits the stomach via the ____________ sphincter into the___________. Your Answer: a. esophagus b. cardiac sphincter c. pyloric sphincter d. small intestine - ANS-- Food enters the stomach from the ______A_____ : esophagus - via the _____B_____ sphincter. cardioesophageal sphincter (or lower esophageal sphincter/ LES) - Food exits the stomach via the ____C________ : pyloric - sphincter into the_____D______. small intestine (or duodenum) KNOW DIAGRAM of digestive system - ANS-know diagram A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this toxicity? Explain your answer. A. Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above - ANS-B. Fat soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. A doctor is looking to prescribe a larger dose of a vitamin that would not easily cause vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be the best to prescribe? Explain your answer. A. Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above - ANS-A. Water soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the small intestine. - ANS-Digestion: Chemical and mechanical: In the small intestine chemical digestion continues as enzymes from the pancreatic juices break down starches and proteins, and begin digestion of fat. Mechanical digestion continues as bile breaks down fat into smaller pieces. Absorption: begins as digested food molecules, water and fat are absorbed into the bloodstream. Name and explain the four main functions performed by the digestive system. - ANS-The digestive system has four main roles that it performs: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. Ingestion is when food enters the mouth. Digestion or food breakdown occurs when food is moved, mixed, and exposed to enzymes along the gastrointestinal tract. Digestion can be divided into two parts: mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is broken down into smaller pieces. This occurs when the teeth chew food, when the stomach mixes food, and as food is moved along the gastrointestinal tract. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by enzymes. Absorption is the process of moving digested food into the blood stream. Defecation is the excretion of indigestible food from the anus. Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. - Which of the following statements is false? A. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the large intestine. B. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. C. The liver, pancreas, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive system. D. The stomach is located along the right side of the abdomen below the diaphragm. - ANS-D. True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. - ANS-TRUE True/False: Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules. - ANS-TRUE True/False: The oropharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. - ANS-FALSE (the nasopharnyx) True/False: The nasopharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. - ANS-TRUE True/False: The pharynx has three types of skeletal muscle: circumferential, longitudinal and oblique. - ANS-False (It only has two; it does not include an oblique layer) True/False: The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscle: circumferential and oblique. - CONTINUES....