SOCIOLOGY Q&A (2023 A+)

SOCIOLOGY Q&A (2023 A+) Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? The study of individual behavior The study of cultures The study of society and social interaction The study of economics - The study of society and social interaction C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. culture imagination method tool - imagination A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: interact work in the same industry speak different languages practice a recognized religion - interact Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: compare the behavior of individuals from different societies compare one society to another identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure compare individuals to groups - identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? Astrology Economics Physics History - economics Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? Émile Comte Karl Marx Plato Herbert Spencer - Karl Marx The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to: whether individuals like or dislike their society whether research methods use statistical data or person-to-person research whether sociological studies can predict or improve society all of the above - whether sociological studies can predict or improve society Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data? A large survey A literature search An in-depth interview A review of television programs - A large survey Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by: drugs their culture their genetic makeup the researcher - their culture Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? Structural functionalism Conflict theory Positivism Symbolic interactionism - Symbolic interactionism Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle? Émile Durkheim Karl Marx Erving Goffmann George Herbert Mead - Karl Marx A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: behaviors conflicts human organs theatrical roles - theatrical roles Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? Surveys Participant observation Quantitative data analysis None of the above - Participant observation Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was: beneficial harmful illegal of no importance - harmful Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn: interview techniques to apply statistics to generate theories all of the above - all of the above Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: monumental moments in people's lives common everyday life events both a and b none of the above - both a and b A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study. reliable sociological valid quantitative - valid Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ______ causes change in another. test subject behavior variable operational definition - variable Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations - Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height Which materials are considered secondary data? Photos and letters given to you by another person Books and articles written by other authors about their studies Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed - Books and articles written by other authors about their studies What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? Survey Experiment Web Ethnography Case study - Web Ethnography Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants? Participants do not know they are part of a study The researcher has no control over who is in the study It is larger than an ordinary sample Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study - Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? Secondary data Survey Participant observation Experiment - Participant observation Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method? Questionnaire Case study Ethnography Secondary data analysis - Questionairre The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community - ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing Which best describes the results of a case study? It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth Its results are not generally applicable It relies solely on secondary data analysis All of the above - Its results are not generally applicable Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. nonreactive nonparticipatory nonrestrictive nonconfrontive - nonreactive Which statement illustrates value neutrality? Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools Merely restricting children's access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education - In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? Institutional Review Board (IRB) Peter Rossi American Sociological Association (ASA) Max Weber - Max Weber To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? A fast-food restaurant A nonprofit health organization A private hospital A governmental agency like Health and Social Services - A fast-food restaurant The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. imperialism and relativism culture and society society and ethnocentrism ethnocentrism and xenocentrism - culture and society The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? Symbols Language Material culture Nonmaterial culture - nonmaterial culture Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: culture shock imperialism ethnocentrism xenocentrism - culture shock Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: relativism ethnocentrism xenocentrism universalism - universalism A nation's flag is: A symbol A value