PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023/2024 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking lithium and reports persistent nausea and vomiting for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider? a) Potassium 4.0 mEq/L b) Lithium 0.9 mEq/L c) BUN 12 mg/dL d) Sodium 132 mEq/L Correct Answer D. Sodium 132 mEq/L Rationale: The nurse should identify that a sodium level of 132 mEq/L is not within the expected reference range of 136 to 145 mEq/L. This finding indicates hyponatremia, which can lead to lithium accumulation and places the client at risk for lithium toxicity. The nurse should report this finding to the provider. A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and has a WBC count of 4,000/mm3. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a) Cleanse the client's toothbrush with hydrogen peroxide. b) Instruct the client to use a disposable razor to shave. c) Decrease the client's protein intake. d) Encourage the client to eat unpasteurized dairy products. Correct Answer A. Cleanse the client's toothbrush with hydrogen peroxide. Rationale: A WBC count of 4,000/mm3 is considered low and is known as leukopenia. A low WBC count can be caused by cancer or cancer treatment. The nurse should instruct the client to cleanse their toothbrush with hydrogen peroxide. People with leukemia or leukopenia should avoid using disposable razors, which can cause cuts and bleeding that can lead to infections. Instead, they recommend using an electric razor to reduce the risk of injury. Encouraging the client to eat unpasteurized dairy products is not recommended as they can contain harmful bacteria that can cause infections. Decreasing the client's protein intake is not recommended as protein is important for wound healing and immune function TEST A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the bathroom. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) Activate the fire alarm system. b) Use a fire extinguisher at the source of the smoke. c) Assist the client to a nearby common area. d) Close the doors to the room and to the bathroom. Correct Answer C. Assist the client to a nearby common area. Rationale: use Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish TEST A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who reports difficulty eating due to chronic arthritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? a) Apply foam handles to the client's eating utensils. b) Obtain a referral for physical therapy. c) Have an assistive personnel feed the client. d) Ask the provider for a prescription for a pureed diet. Correct Answer A. Apply foam handles to the client's eating utensils. Rationale: To help a client with chronic arthritis who experiences difficulty eating, applying foam handles to the eating utensils can provide a larger, more comfortable grip and reduce strain on the joints. Asking for a puree diet may not be necessary unless swallowing difficulties are present. Having an assistive personnel feed the client may not promote independence. While obtaining a referral for physical therapy may be beneficial for overall mobility, it does not directly address the client's difficulty with eating. A nurse is providing directions to an assistive personnel about moving a client up in bed. a. "Place a pillow under the client's head prior to repositioning." b. "Keep your feet close together while moving the client" c "Face in the direction of the client's movement" d. "Move the client's arms to his sides prior to repositioning." Correct Answer C. "Face in the direction of the client's movement." Rational: