NURS 488 Fluid & Electrolytes Test
With Complete Solution
What are Isotonic Solutions? - ANSWER o Used for patients with ECF losses
o 0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline or NaCl)
o Lactated Ringer's solution (RL or LR)
o Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
3.3% dextrose and 0.3% Normal saline (2/3 - 1/3)
Hypotonic Solutions does what to ECF - ANSWER Dilutes the ECF
What are hypotonic solutions used for? - ANSWER o Causes a movement of
fluid from the ECF into cells (ICF)
o No nutrition, just for fluid loss
o Low number of solutes so water follows sodium into the cell
o 0.45% Normal saline
o Bad for increased cranial pressure
Hypertonic does what to ECF - ANSWER Concentrates the ECF, So pulls fluid
out of the cells
, what are the Hypertonic Solutions - ANSWER o 3% sodium chloride
o D5W and 0.45% NS
o High sodium content which pulls fluid out of the cells
Colloids are what kind of substances - ANSWER Protein Substances
what are Colloids? - ANSWER Protein substances
Increase colloid oncotic pressure Oncotic pressure keeps fluid in the vessels
Move fluid from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment
o Albumin 5% and 25% (from human donors)
o Dextran 40 or 70 (available in sodium chloride and 5% dextrose) (brings BP
up, shock)
o Hetastarch (synthetic) (brings BP up, treats shock)
What are the different types of blood products - ANSWER Packed RBC's ,
Platelets, Fresh-Frozen-Plasma, Albumin, Cryoprecipitate
What are Packed RBC's used for? - ANSWER o Acute blood loss, anemia,
o 1 unit raises hgb by 10g/L
What are Platelets used for? - ANSWER Thrombocytopenia
With Complete Solution
What are Isotonic Solutions? - ANSWER o Used for patients with ECF losses
o 0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline or NaCl)
o Lactated Ringer's solution (RL or LR)
o Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
3.3% dextrose and 0.3% Normal saline (2/3 - 1/3)
Hypotonic Solutions does what to ECF - ANSWER Dilutes the ECF
What are hypotonic solutions used for? - ANSWER o Causes a movement of
fluid from the ECF into cells (ICF)
o No nutrition, just for fluid loss
o Low number of solutes so water follows sodium into the cell
o 0.45% Normal saline
o Bad for increased cranial pressure
Hypertonic does what to ECF - ANSWER Concentrates the ECF, So pulls fluid
out of the cells
, what are the Hypertonic Solutions - ANSWER o 3% sodium chloride
o D5W and 0.45% NS
o High sodium content which pulls fluid out of the cells
Colloids are what kind of substances - ANSWER Protein Substances
what are Colloids? - ANSWER Protein substances
Increase colloid oncotic pressure Oncotic pressure keeps fluid in the vessels
Move fluid from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment
o Albumin 5% and 25% (from human donors)
o Dextran 40 or 70 (available in sodium chloride and 5% dextrose) (brings BP
up, shock)
o Hetastarch (synthetic) (brings BP up, treats shock)
What are the different types of blood products - ANSWER Packed RBC's ,
Platelets, Fresh-Frozen-Plasma, Albumin, Cryoprecipitate
What are Packed RBC's used for? - ANSWER o Acute blood loss, anemia,
o 1 unit raises hgb by 10g/L
What are Platelets used for? - ANSWER Thrombocytopenia
