Bontrager Radiographic Positioning Final Exam Test Bank Marking Scheme

Bontrager Radiographic Positioning Final Exam Test Bank Marking Scheme The first general rule in diagnostic radiology suggest that a minimum of ______ projections be taken _______ degrees from each other as possible are required for most radiographic procedures. - ANSWER- 2 projections; 90 degrees The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines the following positioning term: - ANSWER- Projection A patient is erect with their back to the IR. The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees toward the IR. What is this position? - ANSWER- Left posterior oblique (LPO) The patient is erect with the right side of the body against the IR. The x-ray beam enters the left side of the body. Which specific position has been used? - ANSWER- Right lateral T/F The term caudal means toward the head - ANSWER- False, caudal means toward the feet A patient is recumbent facing the IR. The right side of the body is turned 15 degrees toward the IR. What is this position? - ANSWER- Right anterior oblique (RAO) What is the name of the position in which the body is turned 90 degrees from a true AP or PA projection? - ANSWER- Lateral position Lying on the back facing upward - ANSWER- Supine Top or anterior surface of the foot - ANSWER- Dorsum Back half of the patient - ANSWER- Posterior Lying down in any position - ANSWER- Recumbent To have a lateral decubitus position or projection on must have a ________ beam. - ANSWER- Horizontal beam The vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves describes the: - ANSWER- Midsaggital plane An upright position with the arms abducted, plans forward, and head head forward describes the: - ANSWER- Anatomic position A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the: - ANSWER- Midcoronal plane Which term describes the sole of the foot? - ANSWER- Plantar T/F A lateromedial projection is where the lateral aspect of the anatomical part is closest to the IR - ANSWER- False A position in which the head is lower than the feet is: - ANSWER- Trendelenberg A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of their body is turned 20 degrees toward the IR. What is this radiographic position? - ANSWER- Right posterior oblique (RPO) How many separate bones are found in the adult human body? - ANSWER- 206 Which system of the human body is responsible for the elimination of solid waste? - ANSWER- Digestive A patient is lying on their left side facing the IR. The x-ray tube is directed horizontally with the CR entering the posterior aspect of the body. What is this radiographic position? - ANSWER- Left lateral decubitus The patient is erect with their left side directly against the IR. The CR enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position? - ANSWER- Left lateral T/F According to your text and lecture radiographic view is not a valid positioning term in the United States - ANSWER- True The radiographic term "projection" is defined as: - ANSWER- Path or direction of the CR T/F A persons body habits represents a specific type of projection - ANSWER- False, body type Movement of an arm or leg toward the midline - ANSWER- Adduction An inward stress movement of the foot - ANSWER- Inversion Near the source or the beginning - ANSWER- Proximal A CR angle directed towards the feet - ANSWER- Caudal Increasing the angle of a joint - ANSWER- Extension Movement of arm or leg away from the midline - ANSWER- Abduction Decreasing the angle between the foot and lower leg - ANSWER- Dorsiflexion Turn or bend hand and wrist toward radius - ANSWER- Radial deviation Rotation of hand with palm down - ANSWER- Pronation T/F Since 1895 the methods of acquiring and storing x-ray images have for the most part stayed the same - ANSWER- False ______________ involves placing a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) or imaging plate into a cassette, used like traditional film-screen. - ANSWER- Computer Radiography (CR) T/F Milliamperage (mA) controls the penetrating power of x-rays with all radiographic imaging systems - ANSWER- False, kVp controls penetrating power T/F Exposure Time controls the number of x-rays produced within the x-ray tube. - ANSWER- False _____________ is highly complex mathematical formula or code used in digital processing. - ANSWER- Algorithm A term used by some equipment manufactures to indicate exposure index is the: - ANSWER- "S" number or sensitivity number T/F A Scintillator is a device that helps measure flashes of light (radioactivity) form the ionization of phosphor - ANSWER- True T/F "Gray Scale" is used instead of "scale contrast" when referring to digital images - ANSWER- True The term used to define a random disturbance that obscures or reduces clarity and translates into grainy or mottled appearance of the digital image is known as: - ANSWER- Noise T/F A pixel is an individual component of the image matrix. - ANSWER- True The "cardinal rules of radiation protection" are: - ANSWER- Time, distance, shielding T/F Collimation had nothing to do with digital image contrast - ANSWER- False T/F The "ALARA Principal" has nothing to do with radiation protection - ANSWERFalse T/F According to lecture and lab "exposure factors" consist of kVp, mA and SID - ANSWER- False, kVp, mA and time T/F mAs is a combination of all three exposure factors - ANSWER- False, two exposure factors T/F One can say as exposure time increases so does radiation dose to the patient - ANSWER- True, all dependent on what mA T/F Above all else the patient comes first - ANSWER- True A dome shaped muscle which aids in respiration - ANSWER- Diaphragm The __________ is the central area of each lung, where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves enter and leave the lungs. - ANSWER- Hilum Chest radiographs taken AP rather than PA will cause: - ANSWER- Increased magnification of the heart shadow For a patient with Emphysema one would significantly ________ the exposure factors for a PA chest exam - ANSWER- Decrease exposure factors To rule out calcifications and or masses beneath the clavicles on a chest exam one would obtain a: - ANSWER- AP lordotic projection To BEST demonstrate air-fluid levels in the right lung one would obtain a: - ANSWERRight lateral decubitus projection T/F For anterior oblique chest exams the side of interest is generally the side farthest from the IR. Thus RAO will best visualize the left lung. - ANSWER- True To indicate good inspiration _________ pair of ribs should be demonstrated on a PA chest exam - ANSWER- 10 pairs of ribs T/F A good rule to follow when doing a chest exam is to put the top of the film at the same level as the shoulders - ANSWER- False, 1'' above the shoulders Two important muscles seen on a well-exposed abdomen projection are the: - ANSWER- Psoas major To help describe the locations of various organs or other structures within the abdominal cavity, the abdomen may be divided into either _____ quadrants or _____ regions - ANSWER- 4 quadrants; 9 regions The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, occupying most of what quadrant? - ANSWER- Right upper quadrant (RUQ) The spleen may be visualized fairly on plain abdominal radiographs, particularly if the organ is enlarged it is primarily found in what quadrant? - ANSWER- Left upper quadrant (LUQ) The term PUBIC or HYPOGASTRIC refers to a: - ANSWER- Specific organ of the abdomen There are seven landmarks of the abdomen that are palpable and important in positioning the abdomen of these which one of the following would be found at the level of T9-T10? A. Inferior costal rib margin B. Iliac crest C. ASIS D. Xiphoid process - ANSWER- D. Xiphoid process (distal inferior process of the sternum) Which landmark can be found at the level of L4-L5? - ANSWER- Iliac crest (most commonly used in abdominal landmarks) Generally speaking most radiographs of the abdomen are taken at what kVp? - ANSWER- 70-80 kVp As discussed in the text and lecture large amounts of air in entire dilated small and large bowel with air fluid levels visualized is defined as: - ANSWER- Ileus When positioning for an AP projection (supine) abdomen, one would align the bottom of the IR at the level of the: - ANSWER- Symphysis pubis For a lateral decubitus position of the abdomen the patient should be on their side for a minimum of _____ minutes before taking and exposure. - ANSWER- Minimum of 5 minutes The CR location for an erect abdomen is approximately: - ANSWER- 2'' above the iliac crest T/F The left lateral decubitus of the abdomen best visualizes free air in the abdominal cavity - ANSWER- True T/F When doing a lateral decubitus of the abdomen we are looking at the side down as the area of interest - ANSWER- False, side up