PC707-module 5-Pain- Questions and Answers 100% Correct(RATED A+)

If opioids are needed--how can you decrease the risk of dependence? - ANSWER--smallest dose for the shortest amount of time is advised* Types of pain: - ANSWER--Nociceptive -Neuropathic -Mixed or "undetermined etiology" What is nociceptive pain? - ANSWER-- pain that arises from damage to or inflammation of tissue -Ex: arthropathies, ischemic disorders, myalgias, skin & mucous ulcers, fractures, renal stones, superficial pain (burns & scrapes), visceral pain (appendicitis, pancreatitis) What is neuropathic pain? - ANSWER-- pain that arises from abnormal or damaged pain nerves (PNS or CNS) -Ex: alcoholic or diabetic neuropathies, cancer pain, regional pain syndromes (fibromyalgia), HIV, MS, phantom limb pain, post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, post CVA pain What is mixed or undetermined etiology pain? - ANSWER--chronic reoccurring headaches -vasculitis What is acute & chronic pain? - ANSWER-Acute-sudden onset & short duration Chronic-lasts 3-6 months or longer What is the step-wise approach to pain management? - ANSWER--non-opioids first (NSAIDs, nonpharmacologic options) -if pain persists or worsens--weak opioids -if pain persists or worsens--strong opioids(mathadone, oral admin, transdermal) -hopefully pain relief at this point--if not potential for nerve block, epidural, PCA pump, etc. Key points to remember about pain management: - ANSWER--oral analgesics first if possible* -give doses at regular intervals & adjust the dose until the patient is comfortable -prescribe according to pain intensity--it is individualized* -the correct dose is the one that brings adequate pain relief -detailed written plan for patient and family What is an opioid? - ANSWER--used for pain relief -binds to opioid receptors primarily in the CNS, spinal cord, GI tract -binds primarily to MU receptors and to some extent the KAPPA receptors* What are the 4 types of pain receptors? - ANSWER--MU -KAPPA -Delta -Sigma What does the binding to MU receptors cause? What drugs bind primarily to these receptors? - ANSWER--Analgesia* -Respiratory depression* -Euphoria* -Ex: morphine (Kadian), meperidine (Demerol), fentanyl (Sublimaze), hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid) etc. What does the binding to KAPPA receptors cause? What drugs bind primarily to these receptors? - ANSWER--Analgesia* -Sedation* -Ex: nalbuphine (Nubain) & butorphanol (Stadol)