EMT Readiness Basic Exam 4 Questions With Correct Answers

A construction worker has a metal rod impaled in his right forearm. Assessment of the injury indicates heavy bleeding from around the impaled object. What should you do first? - Answer Apply direct pressure around the rod Another crew has called for your assistance in extricating an obese male with a nosebleed from a third-floor bedroom. As you enter the room, which observation indicates proper management of the patient's condition? - Answer The patient is sitting upright, leaning forward, with nostrils pinched shut You are called for a 2-year-old boy who has a nosebleed. While you are en route to the call, the dispatcher informs you that the patient has hemophilia. As an EMT, you should recognize that: - Answer The bleeding may be significant Assessment of an 88-year-old female who fell reveals bruising to her right buttock. The skin is intact and the patient complains of tenderness to the area when you palpate. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize this patient has which type of injury? - Answer Contusion A pregnant 31-year-old female has been shot in the neck. Currently, she is responsive to verbal stimuli, with an open airway and rapid, but adequate respirations. Her radial pulse is weak and fast. Vital signs are as follows: pulse 152 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min, blood pressure 92/76 mmHg, and SpO2 100% on high-concentration oxygen as initiated by the fire department EMRs. Which other intervention by the EMT will most benefit this patient? - Answer Place an occlusive dressing on the neck and keep the patient warm during transport You are called for a 78-year-old female who fell earlier in the day. As you enter her kitchen, you observe her sitting in a chair with ecchymotic areas to her left cheek and left arm. There also appears to be blood on her pants. She is on home oxygen for COPD and is breathing in a moderately labored manner. The patient states that she fell a few hours ago, and now the pain and swelling in her arm are unbearable. She has also developed significant lower neck pain. What should you do first? - Answer Take manual spinal motion restriction precautions The EMT is by the side of a young female who was cut while washing dishes. She has a jagged laceration to her left forearm that is bleeding steadily and heavily. When attempting to control the bleeding, the EMT would first: - Answer Place a large sterile dressing over the site, with hand pressure applied over the top of the dressing An alert and oriented patient has had a portion of his hand amputated by a table saw. Assessment reveals the patient to be in great pain, with a moderate amount of dark red blood still coming from the injury site. His airway is open and his breathing is fast, but adequate. The radial pulse is rapid and strong, and his skin is warm and dry. The patient's amputated hand has been placed in a bag of ice by coworkers. What should the EMT do immediately? - Answer Control the bleeding with direct pressure When performing the primary assessment, which sign or symptom best suggests that the patient is in shock? - Answer Skin that is cool and diaphoretic A male patient has been shot in the chest with a small-caliber gun. Which presentation indicates that he is in an early stage of shock? - Answer Alert and anxious, pulse 96 beats/min, BP 134/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin Which statement demonstrates an understanding of shock caused by internal bleeding? - Answer "You should always suspect internal bleeding in a patient with the signs and symptoms of shock but no external bleeding A female patient has been involved in a motorcycle crash. Your scene size-up reveals her to be unresponsive and lying in the roadway. It also appears that her left leg has been amputated at the knee. What should the EMT do immediately? - Answer Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver A patient sustained a crush injury after being pinned by a car that fell off jack-stands while the patient was underneath the car working on it. The injury occurred to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Assessment shows bruising to that area, with instability noted to the lowest rib. The EMT's highest concern regarding this injury should be: - Answer Injury to the spleen A patient suffered abrasions to the legs after falling on a moving treadmill. In relation to the function of the skin, the EMT should be most concerned about: - Answer Risk for infection Which observations would cause the EMT to classify a patient's soft tissue injury as an abrasion? - Answer Skin is scraped and red; blood is oozing from the injury site An injury caused by scraping, rubbing, or shearing away of the skin is a(n) - Answer abrasion The first step an EMT should take when encountering a patient with severe bleeding is to - Answer use appropriate Standard Precautions. When applying an occlusive dressing to a chest wound, the dressing should be secured on how many sides? - Answer three The type of shock most commonly caused by profound blood or fluid loss is - Answer hypovolemic shock. What percentage of blood volume can the average adult patient who weighs 154 pounds lose before the loss will lead to obvious signs of shock? - Answer 15 percent Epistaxis is another way of saying the patient has - Answer nosebleed Which sign of cardiogenic shock would occur the latest? - Answer Decreased blood pressure An open injury exposing the blood vessels and nerve tissue contained within the dermal layer of the skin is called a(n) - Answer abrasion. Treatment for exposed internal abdominal organs can include all of the following except - Answer placing the organs back into the opening. Open wounds in which flaps of skin and tissue are torn loose with only a small part of the tissue still attached to the body are termed - Answer avulsions. Firefighters have pulled a middle-aged male from a burning bedroom. The patient is unresponsive and has obvious deformity of his left ankle. His respirations are rapid, stridorous, and shallow. Your partner inserts an oropharyngeal airway and begins ventilating the patient with a bag-valve mask appropriately. Which action would you perform next? - Answer Assess the patient's carotid pulse Which statement concerning a flash burn is accurate? - Answer Clothing will typically protect the skin from a flash burn A 51-year-old male was burned in the face after a steam valve was accidentally opened at his industrial job. His face is red and swollen, and he is screaming in pain. The patient also states that he is having a hard time seeing. What is the EMT's priority concern in caring for this patient? - Answer Airway compromise Of the actions described, which indicates proper care of a patient who has experienced a partial-thickness burn to the hand? - Answer Carefully remove rings prior to applying a dry sterile dressing A patient has a burn that completely encircles his right forearm and hand. After performing the primary assessment, the EMT should: - Answer Check for motor status, sensory status, and a pulse in the right upper extremity A 27-year-old male fell down a full flight of stairs while escaping his burning apartment. Which assessment finding in this patient should demand your immediate attention? - Answer Burns on the face A patient is struck by lightning while running from her car to her house. What would be the primary burn cause? - Answer Electrical You have been called for an intoxicated male who sustained a full-thickness burn to his leg after passing out against a kerosene heater. After ensuring that his airway, breathing, and circulation are intact, you cool the burn with water and then: - Answer Carefully wrap the burn with a dry sterile dressing A male patient was injured when a steam valve opened, causing hot steam to contact his face. Which statement made by the patient would be of most concern to the EMT and require immediate assessment or treatment? - Answer "It is sort of hard to breathe." You have arrived on the scene of a large structure fire. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are by the side of a patient who is responsive to verbal stimuli and has significant burns to his body. They report that the patient fell down a flight of stairs while trying to escape and was trapped for several minutes. Their assessment findings include partial- and full-thickness burns to his right arm, right leg, and right side of the face. The EMRs also report that the patient's unburned skin is cool, clammy, and pale, with a delayed capillary refill. His pulse is 144 beats/min, respirations are 22 breaths/min, and blood pressure is 88/50 mmHg. Which instructions would be most appropriate? - Answer "After reassessing the ABCs, let's do a secondary assessment and look for signs of injuries that are causing shock." What forms the physical barrier against the entrance of undesirable microorganisms, found in the environment, into the body? - Answer The skin A partial thickness burn covering 8 percent of the body would be considered moderate for which patient? - Answer A 25-year-old patient with sickle cell disease You are called by the owner of a restaurant for a female patron who spilled hot tea onto her right thigh. Your assessment reveals the burn area to be soft, red, and painful. The skin is intact with no blister formation noted, although some edema is present. Based on these assessment findings, you would recognize this injury as belonging to which category of burn? - Answer Superficial For which patient would the palm method be best to estimate the body surface area affected by a burn? - Answer A 49-year-old patient with a partial-thickness burn to the inner thigh You are assessing an elderly male patient who was trapped in a burning trailer. Which finding would be most indicative that he has an inhalation injury? - Answer Coughing of black sputum In cases of chemical burns to the eyes, the EMT should flood the eyes with - Answer water One method that the EMT can use to estimate the body surface area damaged by a burn is the - Answer rule of nines. The innermost layer of the skin is the - Answer subcutaneous When administering emergency medical care to a burn patient, clothing that has adhered to a burned area should be - Answer cut around and left in place All of the following are important factors to consider in determining burn severity except - Answer ambient environmental temperature. Burns are classified according to - Answer depth of the injury. When the EMT is dealing with a patient who has experienced an electrical burn, the primary concern should be - Answer personal safety. The most serious problem usually associated with electrical shocks is - Answer respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. A burn that encircles a body area such as the chest, an arm, or a leg is called - Answer circumferential. The three layers of the skin are the - Answer epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous. When dealing with chemical burns, the EMT should remember that dry chemicals should be - Answer brushed away before irrigating. In managing a burn correctly, an EMT may take all of the following steps except - Answer apply ointments or sprays. Absence of pain in a patient with a severe burn is most commonly associated with a - Answer full-thickness burn. An example of a superficial burn would be a(n) - Answer sunburn. When determining the BSA involved in a burn, the EMT should remember that the palm of the patient's hand is equal to about what percentage of total body area? - Answer 1 percent The _____ system is composed of all of the bones, joints, and muscles of the body. - Answer musculoskeletal