TEST BANK-Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing 5th Edition, by Nancy Hartfield & Cynthia A/All Chapters 1-42/2023 Version

Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal–Child Health Care Environment Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition 1. The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and families likely resultedfrom the work of which individual? A. Joseph Brennaman B. John Bowlby C. Marshal Klaus D. John Kennell Answer: B Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his study that revealed the negative results of the separation of child and mother because of hospitalization. His work led toa re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies for children. Joseph Brennaman suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed to high infant mortality rates at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall Klaus and John Kennell carried out importantstudies on the effect of the separation of newborns and parents. They established that early separation may have long-term effects on family relationships and that offering the new family an opportunity to be together at birth and for a significant period after birth may provide benefitsthat last well into early childhood. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Remember Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process Reference: p. 4 2. An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than do white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the nurse accurately states that which is the major reason for the high maternal mortality rate? A. Having formal education. B. Being unmarried. C. Income. D. Lack of prenatal care. Answer: D Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal care secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational level may play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly responsible. Being unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Understand Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process Reference: p. 9 3. Which statement correctly defines the term "infant death rate"? A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday. Answer: D Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Remember Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process Reference: p. 9 4. The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of maternity care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing the practice of maternity care in the United States over the past century? A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth attendants Answer: B Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The development of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ theory advanced the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring women. Pediatrics as a specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest development, and midwives are still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and birthing centers are still under development. Forceps are not considered an advance in maternity care. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Analyze Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 3 5. When preparing a client for surgery, the nurse explains that the use of an antiseptic during the surgery has greatly improved client survival rates and was started by which physician? A. Louis Pasteur B. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis C. Joseph Lister D. Alexander Gordon Answer: C Rationale: Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who embraced Louis Pasteur's theory of microorganisms as the cause of infection. Lister used carbolic acid as an antiseptic during surgery and improved the survival rates of his patients. Alexander Gordon proposed the theory of infection. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Philip Semmelweis confirmed his theory. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated Process: Nursing Process Reference: p. 4 6. A young couple are very excited to learn they are expecting their first child and question the nurse about which test they need to discover its gender. Which procedure will best provide this information to the couple? A. Ultrasound B. Amniocentesis C. Chorionic villus sampling D. HGP Answer: A Rationale: Ultrasound is a visual method for assessing the fetus in the uterus and will provide information about the gender. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling provide the entire genetic code of the fetus. HGP refers to the Human Genome Project, which can provide information regarding gene mutations and variations. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Caring Reference: p. 6 7. A family is seeking sources for payment of health care costs. When talking with the family, the nurse determines that the family makes too much money toqualify for the federal program. Which source would the nurse likely recommend? A. Medicaid B. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) C. Centers for Disease Control D. State Child Health Insurance Program Answer: D Rationale: The State Child Health Insurance Program, first known by its acronym "SCHIP" now referred to as "CHIP," was enacted in 1997. CHIP provides health insurance to newborns and children in low-income families who do not otherwise qualify for Medicaid and are uninsured. Based on the information given, the family does not qualify for Medicaid, a federal program that supplies grants to states to provide health care for individuals who have low incomes and meet other eligibility criteria. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritional servides to low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant, breast- feeding, and postpartum women and their children (as old as 5 years). The Centers for Disease Control does not provide funding for health care services. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Integrated Process: Caring Reference: p. 8 8. After discussing the various options with a pregnant client and partner, they have chosen to stay with their newborn and receive care from one nurse at the time of birth. This is referred to as which type of care? A. Regionalized care B. Maternal-child care C. Centralized care D. Couplet care Answer: D Rationale: Couplet care is care in which the mother and child remain in the same room after labor/delivery through the postpartum period. This has become the standard of care. Regionalized or centralized care places the treatment centers in centralized locations and transfers the patient to the facility. Maternal child care allows the mother to be the primary provider of care. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care Integrated Process: Caring Reference: p. 5 9. A group of nursing students are examining the data of the local hospitals to determine the potential maternal needs of the community. Which factor will be the best statistical indicator of the adequacy of prenatal care? A. Number of prenatal visits B. Maternal mortality rate C. Infant mortality rate D. Infant measurements at birth Answer: B Rationale: Maternal mortality rate is the best indicator of a country's level of prenatal care. Increases in prenatal care result in a decrease in maternal mortality. Infant mortality is a reflection of postnatal care. Infant mortality includes all infant deaths from birth to 12 months and can be the result of congenital anomalies, genetic anomalies, or other problems. The number of prenatal visits and measurements of the infant at birth are not the best indicators as they do not accurately reflect the health of the mother. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process Reference: p. 9 10. The nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle changes that could help the client reach a higher level of wellness. The nurse is engaged in which aspect of care? A. Infection prevention B. Cost containment C. Health promotion D. Illness treatment Answer: C Rationale: By encouraging healthy lifestyle changes, the nurse is engaging in health promotion activities. Health promotion involves helping people make lifestyle changes to move them to higher levels of wellness. Health promotion includes all aspects of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual. Although health promotion can help to contain costs over a longer span, this is not what the nurseis doing. Healthy lifestyle changes are not part of infection prevention or illness treatment. Question format: Multiple Choice Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 7