CNUR 103 question n answers graded A+ 2023/2024

CNUR 103ureters - correct answer 30 cm long The lower ends of the ureters enter the bladder at the posterior corners of the floor of the bladder. Peristalsis propels urine into the bladder bladder - correct answer When filled, the urine stretches the bladder and signals the urge for micturition Urethra - correct answer Internal (smooth muscle) External (striated muscle) Micturition reflex In response to stretching of tissue ~250-300mL of urine bladder contracts internal sphincter relaxes micturition reflex males - correct answer 18-20 cm long Passes through the prostate gland As men age and the prostrate grows, this can become problematic Prostate can cut off the flow of urine females - correct answer 3-4 cm long urinary problems - correct answer Polyuria Enuresis Incontinence Retention Neurogenic bladder Oliguria, anuria Frequency & urgency Nocturia Dysuria preventing UTI - correct answer Drink 1500mls of water per day Practice frequent voiding (every 2 to 4 hours) Avoid use of harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder, or sprays in the perineal area Avoid tight-fitting clothing Wear cotton rather than nylon underclothes Always wipe the perineal area from front to back following urination or defecation (girls and women) Take showers rather than baths if recurrent urinary infections are a problem reasons for catheterization - correct answer Urinary obstruction/retention (relief of distention) Assess amount of residuals Alteration in blood pressure or volume status Need accurate measurements of fluid input and output but the patient cannot use urinal or bedpan Emergency surgery Major trauma Urologic procedures Bladder irrigation Management of stage III or greater pressure ulcer Comfort care for terminally ill patients Obtain sterile specimen condom catheterization - correct answer used on males only used for incontinence allows for physical activity without leakage of urine prevents skin irritation d/t incontinence preferred over indwelling - decreases risk of UTI length of use decides attachment type (elastic tape or velcro) roll condom smoothly onto penis leave 2.5 cm space between end of penis and catheter (less irritation and allows drainage of urine) Assess penis ~ 30min afterwards for: swelling, discoloration, urine flow urinary catheterization - correct answer Introduction of a urinary catheter into the urethra through to the urinary bladder Used when absolutely necessary intro of microorganisms into urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys no regular flushing of urethra trauma urethra long in males - NB to follow normal curvature with catheter strictures, incorrect angles (males - ensure straightened urethra while inserting catheter) Urinary catheters made of rubber/plastic/latex/silicone/PVC sized using French scale (Fr) larger the #, larger the lumen straight or indwelling gravity to drain urine into collecting bag = keep bag lower than level of bladder What size/kind of catheter should you use???? - correct answer plastic = short term use silicone or rubber = 2-3 weeks silicone = 2-3 months (less blockages) PVC = 4-6 weeks (soften at body temp and take on urethra contour) length = 22cm for females 40cm for males size based on urethral canal 8 Fr - 10 Fr = kids 14Fr - 16 Fr = adults 18 Fr = common for men