NURS 421 PEDIATRICS: FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the 3 classic S/Sx of asthma? - ANS-Cough
Dyspnea
Wheeze
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
1. Targets the ___ glands leading to secretions of ____
2. Characterized by dysfunction of ____, _____, and ____
3. Meds (3!) and Therapy indicated? - ANS-1. exocrine glands --> viscous NaCl secretions
2. respiratory tract, pancreas, GI tract
3. Enteric coated pancreatic enzymes, ABX, Pulmozyme, Airway Clearance Therapy (ART)
SEIZURES
1. Partial seizures affect ____. Simple partial is characterized by ____, while complex partial is
characterized by ____
2. Generalized seizures affect ___. Tonic clonic seizures are characterized by ____ - ANS-1.
- One area of the brain
- no changes in LOC, smell aura
- change in LOC, BLANK STARE!
2.
- the entire brain
- jerking motion w/ hypertonia, urinary incontinence
Your pt is having a seizure. They have a blank stare with no changes in their vital signs.
1. What type of seizure is this?
2. What is the Tx? - ANS-1. Complex Partial
,2. O2 blow by, blood draw for anti-seizure med levels
The nurse is explaining the risks of anaphylaxis that can occur in children. Major risks of anaphylaxis
include: (Select all that apply)
a. Vasodilation and hypotension
b. Bronchodilation
c. Decreased level of consciousness
d. Angioedema - ANS-a. Vasodilation and hypotension
c. Decreased level of consciousness
d. Angioedema
Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and
capillary leaks, which may occur when exposed to an allergen?
a. Hypovolemic
b. Anaphylactic
c. Cardiogenic
d. Neurogenic - ANS-b. Anaphylactic
All of the following interventions are treatments for anaphylactic shock except:
a. Amoxicillin 50mg/kg for 5 days
b. Put the patient in the supine position and raise their legs
c. IM Epinephrine
d. Normal saline IV bolus to improve perfusion. - ANS-a. Amoxicillin 50mg/kg for 5 days
An 8-year-old girl with a change in level of consciousness is being assessed. All of these could be signs of
anaphylactic shock except:
a. Capillary refill time: 4 seconds
b. Oxygen saturation: 99%
c. BP: 71/52
d. HR: 136 - ANS-b. Oxygen saturation: 99%
Your pt is in anaphylactic shock. Describe what you expect to see in each assessment
1. Respiratory system
2. Integumentary System
3. GI system
4. CNS - ANS-1. WHEEZING d/t bronchoconstriction
2. Rashes and edema d/t vasodilation and increased permeability
3. abd pain
,4. Changes in LOC
Stridor is a common clinical finding in the following: (Select all that apply)
a. Acute epiglottitis
b. Croup
c. Upper airway obstruction
d. Asthma - ANS-a. Acute epiglottitis
b. Croup
c. Upper airway obstruction
Which child with asthma should the nurse see first?
a. A two year old with expiratory wheezes only
b. A two year old with inpiratory wheezes only
c. A two year old who is not wheeze and proudly singing the ABC's in two breaths.
d. A two year old with inspiratory and expiratory wheezes - ANS-b. A two year old with inpiratory
wheezes only
A nurse is admitting a 2 year old with asthma. The nurse understands that the most common trigger of
asthma is:
a. medications.
b. nebulizers.
c. a viral infection.
d. exposure to cold air. - ANS-c. a viral infection.
RASHES
1. Varicella is characterized by ___ visible on the ___
2. Rubeola/Measles is characterized by ____ ____
3. Rubella/German Measles is characterized by ____ rashes
4. Fifth Disease/Erythema Infectiosum is characterized by ____ on the ____
5. Which are teratogenic? - ANS-1. Superficial vesicles on the trunk
2. confluent (face then spreads distal) Koplic spots (white w/ blue dot)
3. Pinhead
4. Red cheeks and extremities
5. Rubella and Fifth Disease
, Which is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it
occurs in its congenital form?
a. Rubella
b. Rubeola
c. Erythema infectiosum
d. Roseola - ANS-a. Rubella
A nurse is assessing a child and notes coryza, cough, conjunctivitis and Koplik spots. In which of these
communicable diseases are these signs present?
a. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
b. Measles (rubeola)
c. Rubella
d. Chickenpox (varicella) - ANS-b. Measles (rubeola)
IMPETIGO
1. Highly contagious superficial ___ infection d/t ____
2. Characterized by ____ fluid pustules which ____
3. School exclusion until ______ - ANS-1. skin infection d/t staph aureus (strep)
2. honey/straw fluid pustules which rupture
3. 24H ABX
Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo?
a. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation.
b. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.
c. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris.
d. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child. - ANS-d. Carefully
wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child.
TINEA CAPITIS/RINGWORM
1. Raised circular ____ infection w/ central clearing
2. Transmitted via ____
3. Tx? School exclusion? - ANS-1. fungal infection
2. direct contact
3. OTC antifungal, no exclusion just keep head covered
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the 3 classic S/Sx of asthma? - ANS-Cough
Dyspnea
Wheeze
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
1. Targets the ___ glands leading to secretions of ____
2. Characterized by dysfunction of ____, _____, and ____
3. Meds (3!) and Therapy indicated? - ANS-1. exocrine glands --> viscous NaCl secretions
2. respiratory tract, pancreas, GI tract
3. Enteric coated pancreatic enzymes, ABX, Pulmozyme, Airway Clearance Therapy (ART)
SEIZURES
1. Partial seizures affect ____. Simple partial is characterized by ____, while complex partial is
characterized by ____
2. Generalized seizures affect ___. Tonic clonic seizures are characterized by ____ - ANS-1.
- One area of the brain
- no changes in LOC, smell aura
- change in LOC, BLANK STARE!
2.
- the entire brain
- jerking motion w/ hypertonia, urinary incontinence
Your pt is having a seizure. They have a blank stare with no changes in their vital signs.
1. What type of seizure is this?
2. What is the Tx? - ANS-1. Complex Partial
,2. O2 blow by, blood draw for anti-seizure med levels
The nurse is explaining the risks of anaphylaxis that can occur in children. Major risks of anaphylaxis
include: (Select all that apply)
a. Vasodilation and hypotension
b. Bronchodilation
c. Decreased level of consciousness
d. Angioedema - ANS-a. Vasodilation and hypotension
c. Decreased level of consciousness
d. Angioedema
Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and
capillary leaks, which may occur when exposed to an allergen?
a. Hypovolemic
b. Anaphylactic
c. Cardiogenic
d. Neurogenic - ANS-b. Anaphylactic
All of the following interventions are treatments for anaphylactic shock except:
a. Amoxicillin 50mg/kg for 5 days
b. Put the patient in the supine position and raise their legs
c. IM Epinephrine
d. Normal saline IV bolus to improve perfusion. - ANS-a. Amoxicillin 50mg/kg for 5 days
An 8-year-old girl with a change in level of consciousness is being assessed. All of these could be signs of
anaphylactic shock except:
a. Capillary refill time: 4 seconds
b. Oxygen saturation: 99%
c. BP: 71/52
d. HR: 136 - ANS-b. Oxygen saturation: 99%
Your pt is in anaphylactic shock. Describe what you expect to see in each assessment
1. Respiratory system
2. Integumentary System
3. GI system
4. CNS - ANS-1. WHEEZING d/t bronchoconstriction
2. Rashes and edema d/t vasodilation and increased permeability
3. abd pain
,4. Changes in LOC
Stridor is a common clinical finding in the following: (Select all that apply)
a. Acute epiglottitis
b. Croup
c. Upper airway obstruction
d. Asthma - ANS-a. Acute epiglottitis
b. Croup
c. Upper airway obstruction
Which child with asthma should the nurse see first?
a. A two year old with expiratory wheezes only
b. A two year old with inpiratory wheezes only
c. A two year old who is not wheeze and proudly singing the ABC's in two breaths.
d. A two year old with inspiratory and expiratory wheezes - ANS-b. A two year old with inpiratory
wheezes only
A nurse is admitting a 2 year old with asthma. The nurse understands that the most common trigger of
asthma is:
a. medications.
b. nebulizers.
c. a viral infection.
d. exposure to cold air. - ANS-c. a viral infection.
RASHES
1. Varicella is characterized by ___ visible on the ___
2. Rubeola/Measles is characterized by ____ ____
3. Rubella/German Measles is characterized by ____ rashes
4. Fifth Disease/Erythema Infectiosum is characterized by ____ on the ____
5. Which are teratogenic? - ANS-1. Superficial vesicles on the trunk
2. confluent (face then spreads distal) Koplic spots (white w/ blue dot)
3. Pinhead
4. Red cheeks and extremities
5. Rubella and Fifth Disease
, Which is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it
occurs in its congenital form?
a. Rubella
b. Rubeola
c. Erythema infectiosum
d. Roseola - ANS-a. Rubella
A nurse is assessing a child and notes coryza, cough, conjunctivitis and Koplik spots. In which of these
communicable diseases are these signs present?
a. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
b. Measles (rubeola)
c. Rubella
d. Chickenpox (varicella) - ANS-b. Measles (rubeola)
IMPETIGO
1. Highly contagious superficial ___ infection d/t ____
2. Characterized by ____ fluid pustules which ____
3. School exclusion until ______ - ANS-1. skin infection d/t staph aureus (strep)
2. honey/straw fluid pustules which rupture
3. 24H ABX
Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo?
a. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation.
b. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.
c. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris.
d. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child. - ANS-d. Carefully
wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child.
TINEA CAPITIS/RINGWORM
1. Raised circular ____ infection w/ central clearing
2. Transmitted via ____
3. Tx? School exclusion? - ANS-1. fungal infection
2. direct contact
3. OTC antifungal, no exclusion just keep head covered
