Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1
anatomy - ANSexamines the form and organization of body parts
physiology - ANSconsiders functions of body parts
Andreas Veralius - ANSfounder of modern anatomy
- 16th century
- "On the structure of the Human Body"
levels of organization - ANS- subatomic particles
- atom
- molecule
- macromolecule
- organelle
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
atom - ANSsmallest component of a chemical element
molecule - ANSmore than one atom coming together
macromolecules - ANSmore than one molecule coming together
organelles - ANScomplex structures inside of cells
cell - ANSbasic unit of structure and function
tissue - ANSspecialized cell layers or masses that have a specific function
organs - ANSgroups of different tissues coming together for a specific function
organ systems - ANSgroups of organs that function closely together
organism - ANSinteracting organ systems
, characteristics of life - ANSmovement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration,
digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
metabolism - ANSphysiological event that allows organisms to obtain, release, and use energy
requirements of organisms to maintain life - ANSwater, food, oxygen, heat and presssure
homeostasis - ANSbody's ability to keep its internal conditions stable
homeostasis mechanism - ANSreceptor, control center, effectors
negative feedback loop - ANScontinual mechanism that works to return conditions in the body to
normal (i.e. blood pressure, maintaining body temp)
positive feedback loop - ANSshort lived mechanism where a change in the body is not reversed
but intensified until task is complete (i.e. child birth, blood clotting)
axial portion - ANShead, neck and trunk
appendicular portion - ANSupper and lower limbs
cranial cavity - ANSbrain
vertebral canal - ANSspinal cord, surrounded by sections of the backbone
thoracic cavity - ANSlungs and mediastinum (containing the heart, esophagus, trachea and
thymus)
mediastinum - ANSregion between the lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - ANScontaining the abdominal and pelvic cavities
abdominal cavity - ANSbody cavity which contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder,
kidneys, and the large and small intestines
pelvic cavity - ANSbody cavity which contains terminal end of large intestine, urinary bladder,
and the internal reproductive organs
viscera - ANSorgans within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm - ANSthin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
pleural - ANSlung
Chapter 1
anatomy - ANSexamines the form and organization of body parts
physiology - ANSconsiders functions of body parts
Andreas Veralius - ANSfounder of modern anatomy
- 16th century
- "On the structure of the Human Body"
levels of organization - ANS- subatomic particles
- atom
- molecule
- macromolecule
- organelle
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
atom - ANSsmallest component of a chemical element
molecule - ANSmore than one atom coming together
macromolecules - ANSmore than one molecule coming together
organelles - ANScomplex structures inside of cells
cell - ANSbasic unit of structure and function
tissue - ANSspecialized cell layers or masses that have a specific function
organs - ANSgroups of different tissues coming together for a specific function
organ systems - ANSgroups of organs that function closely together
organism - ANSinteracting organ systems
, characteristics of life - ANSmovement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration,
digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
metabolism - ANSphysiological event that allows organisms to obtain, release, and use energy
requirements of organisms to maintain life - ANSwater, food, oxygen, heat and presssure
homeostasis - ANSbody's ability to keep its internal conditions stable
homeostasis mechanism - ANSreceptor, control center, effectors
negative feedback loop - ANScontinual mechanism that works to return conditions in the body to
normal (i.e. blood pressure, maintaining body temp)
positive feedback loop - ANSshort lived mechanism where a change in the body is not reversed
but intensified until task is complete (i.e. child birth, blood clotting)
axial portion - ANShead, neck and trunk
appendicular portion - ANSupper and lower limbs
cranial cavity - ANSbrain
vertebral canal - ANSspinal cord, surrounded by sections of the backbone
thoracic cavity - ANSlungs and mediastinum (containing the heart, esophagus, trachea and
thymus)
mediastinum - ANSregion between the lungs
abdominopelvic cavity - ANScontaining the abdominal and pelvic cavities
abdominal cavity - ANSbody cavity which contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder,
kidneys, and the large and small intestines
pelvic cavity - ANSbody cavity which contains terminal end of large intestine, urinary bladder,
and the internal reproductive organs
viscera - ANSorgans within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm - ANSthin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
pleural - ANSlung
