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Samenvatting Celbiologie - hoofdstuk celdeling

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Prof geert callewaert

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7. CELDELING
Inleiding
- Ongecontroleerde celdeling  kanker
- Heel wat eiwitten betrokken bij controle v celdeling

 Chromosomen
- 23 paar chromosomen - 45 chromatiden
 Dubbele DNA streng
 elke met genetische informatie van vader & moeder

- 1 chromosoom = 2 zusterchromatiden
 Hangen vast met centromeer
o Microtubuli hangt vast à kinetochoor hieraan vast
o Gaat zusterchrom scheiden
- Telomeer = uiteinde van chromosoom
 Wordt korter bij ouder worden

 Celcyclus
1. G1-fase = GAP1 (groei)
 Voorbereiding op celdeling
 Bij genoeg mitogeen geprikkeld  overgang naar S-fase
2. G0-fase = GAP 0
 Cel stopt met delen
3. S-fase
 DNA-replicatie
4. G2 -fase = GAP2
 DNA-replicatie controle
5. Mitose
 Pro, ana, meta, telo,…
6. Cytokinese
 Vorming van 2 dochter of zustercellen


 Kinase & ligasen
1. CDK’s (serine/threonine -protein kinase)
 2 lobbed structuur – bij cycline vorming wordt
actief complex gevormd

= kinasen betrokken bij celdeling

- Heterolytische-dimerische eiwitkinasen
 Regulatorisch domein: binding v cycline
 Katalytisch domein
- Regelen activiteit van eiwitten betrokken bij DNA
 Replicatie
 Mitose
- Cycline/CDK bepaalt substraat specificiteit
2. Ubiquitine-eiwit ligasen
1. G1 CDKs
- SCF:
2. S-fase CDKs
3. Mitotische CDKs

,  Skp1
 Cullin
 F-box
 3 eiwitten betrokken bij ubiquitinisering

- APC/C (anafase-promoting complex of cyclosoom)

 Bv. cycline word opgemerkt en afgebroken door proteasoom


Groeifactoren
brengen cycline D
tot exressie

Deze zijn essentieel
om cel te doen
overgaan van G1
naar S
 Activeert Cdk4, Cdk6
 Kinasen belangrijk
bij 1e fase



Cycline E: belangrijk vr activiteit
Cdk2




Op einde van mitose wordt cycline B actief afgebroken
 Zo weet cel dat ze uit mitose kan gaan om zo naar G-fase terug te gaan  noodzakelijk!
Cel neemt toe in volume




2 x DNA 2 cellen met 1 x DNA

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March 1, 2018
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