Pharmacology DNP Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Side effect Correct Answer nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses Toxicity Correct Answer degree of detrimental physiologic effects caused by excessive drug dosing Adverse effects Correct Answer any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses Schedule I drug Correct Answer have no accepted medical use in the US and are deemed to have a high potential for abuse Schedules II through V drugs Correct Answer have accepted medical applications but also have a high potential for abuse How do drugs cross cell membranes? Correct Answer 1. pass through channels or pores (least common) 2. pass with aid of transport system 3. direct penetration of membrane (most common) What has the ability to pass through channels or pores? Correct Answer potassium and sodium What are membranes primarily composed of? Correct Answer lipids To directly penetrate a membrane, a drug must be? Correct Answer lipid soluble (lipophilic) What group cannot penetrate membranes? Correct Answer polar molecules and ions Example of a polar drug? Correct Answer gentamicin Factors that affect drugs absorption Correct Answer 1. rate of dissolution 2. surface area 3. blood flow 4. lipid solubility 5. pH partitioning Factors that affect drug distribution Correct Answer 1. blood flow to tissues 2. ability of drug to exit vascular system