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Oplossingen werkzittingen biostatistiek

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Oplossingen van alle werkzittingen van biostatistiek. Zeer handig voor de voorbereidingen van de examens.

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Werkzittingen biostatistiek
Werkzitting 1

Hypothese toesting

Hypothese toesten
– Nulhypothese: H0: µa = µb
– Alternatieve hypothese HA: µa ¹ µb
p-waarde
– = maat voor evidentie tegen H0
– Indien p > a: H0 behouden
– Indien p < a: H0 verwerpen = significant
Betrouwbaarh-interval
– (1 - a) x 100 = BH
§ Stel BH = 95%: 95% v alle H0 w geaccepteerd
§ Significantie niveau a = foutmarge
• Kan dat populatie nt in BH-interval zit
• Kans dat H0 verworpen is terwijl het correct is
– Hoe kleiner a, hoe groter BH-interval, meer zekerh
– Hoe groter steekproef, hoe smaller interval
– Indien 0 in interval: H0 behouden
– Formule bij BH v 95%
§ [𝑥̅ − 1,96𝑆𝐸; 𝑥̅ + 1,96𝑆𝐸]
𝑺𝑫
• SE = standaard fout,
√𝒏
𝑺 𝑺
§ .𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝟗𝟔 ∙ ; 𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝟗𝟔 ∙ 5
√𝒏 √𝒏


Assumpties?

, Pearson correlatie
Pearson-correlatiecoëfficiënt
= maat voor lineair verband tss 2 continue variabelen
– r = 1: perfect pos lineair verband
– 0 < r < 1: pos lineair verband
– r = 0: geen lineair verband
– -1 < r < 0: neg lineair verband
– r = - 1: perfect neg lineair verband

Oefening 1: Pearson-correlatiecoëfficiënt tss variabelen X en Y is gelijk aan “0”. Hoe kunnen we dit
interpreteren?
2 versch betekenissen hbb:
1) Er is helemaal geen verband tss variabelen X & Y
2) Er is geen linear verband maar wel een ander soort verband tss X & Y




Oefeningen 2: welke variabelen z gecorreleerd?




– Geslacht = geen continue variabele, maar wel nominale variabele à alle correlaries met geslacht
schrappen
– P-waarde < 0,05 à H0 verwerpen
§ bv CESD & EDUCAT à p = 0,083 à geen lineair verband

, Lineaire regressie
Variabelen
– X: elk type
– Y: continu
Model




ANOVA
– H0: β1 = β2 = ...= βp = 0
– HA: ten minste 1 βj ≠ 0
– R2-waarde = hoeveel vd variabiliteit v Y verklaart X?
𝑺𝑺𝑹 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒊𝒕
= 𝑺𝑺𝑻𝑶 =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒊𝒕

§ SSR = regressie = SSM = model
§ SSTO = SSR + SSE
• SSE = error = SS residual
§ Ligt tss 0 & 1 à hoe hoger, hoe beter
Hypothesetoetsen
– H0: βj = 0
– HA: βj ≠ 0


Oefening 3: Verbruiker wenst invloed te kennen v zijn airconditioner op zijn electriciteitsrekening. Daartoe kijkt
hij gedurende 21 opeenvolgende dagen zeer grondig na hoeveel u het apparaat in werking was die dag &
bovendien nam hij op zijn electriciteitsmeter het totale verbruik v die dagen op.

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