Fortis College-SLC General Biology Exam 2 All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

ATP - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work. 1 nucleotide + 3 phosphate group makes it unstable. If loses phosphate group becomes ADP ATP is composed of - ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups Coupled reactions - Energy releasing action usually in the form of ATP breakdown Release of ATP+P causes myosin to change shape and cause muscle movement What do plants and other living organisms need for food - Photosynthesis What is photosynthesis - Solar energy used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates What is cellular respiration? - Carbohydrates broken down and energy used to build ATP Metabolic pathway - series of linked reactions, beginning with a particular reactant and terminating with an end product The letters A-G= Substrates The letters E1-E6= Enzymes What are enzymes - Act on substrates May facilitate breakdown of synthesis reactions A change in shape facilitates the reaction Enzyme inhibition - occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrateEnergy of activation (Ea) -A LOWER hurtle is easier/faster to get over A LOWER energy of activation makes a reaction easier/faster Plasma membrane - A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer some substances pass freely, some transported, some prohibited What are the 3 ways to enter through a plasma membrane by cell transport - Passive transport Active transport Bulk transport Passive Transport (Diffusion) - Requires no energy to move molecules from high to low concentration Active transport - Substances move from lower concentration to high concentration-Requires energy Bulk transport - movement independent of gradients, additional energy required